| Variable Type | Ordinal |
|---|---|
| Variable Component Type | Actor |
| Variable Kind | Interaction |
| Theme | Enforcement (learn about themes) |
| Projects | SESMAD, Fiji fisheries |
| Question | Compliance: Do members of this actor group follow the rules of this governance system with respect to the emission or appropriation of this commons? |
| Select Options | 1 No, 2 Somewhat, 3 Yes |
| Unit | |
| Role | CommonsUser |
| Importance | Empirical studies have shown that compliance is an important factor that determines the overall status of a commons (Pollnac et al. 2010). However, the strength of compliance depends upon numerous factors, which vary depending on the particular context and structure of the governance arrangements (Warner and Pomeroy 2012). |
| Definition | "The extent to which members of this actor group follow the formal rules of a governance system that regulate the emission or appropriation of a given commons. No: This actor group does not usually comply with formal rules. Somewhat: This actor group sometimes complies with rules, or complies with only a subset of the rules. Yes: This actor group almost always or always complies with formal rules." |
| Sectors |
Theory Usages
Associated Studies
Case Usages
| Case | Interaction Type | Component | Value Used | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Depleting Substance Industrial Producers | Not Applicable | |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Yes (3) | Mostly comply with zoning boundaries and do not directly poach/use this resource in any case. |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Yes (3) | Blast fishing carried out by a few, but this is not the norm |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Paquera-Tambor AMPR Costa Rica | Somewhat (2) | |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Yes (3) | There is some evidence that no-go areas are better protected than no-take areas suggesting some degree of poaching in no-take areas. However, relative to other systems compliance is relatively high. |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Yes (3) | Assume that recreational fishers do comply with zoning boundaries, which are enforced, and with bag limits for which data on compliance is not available. There is some evidence in the GBRMP that no-go zones have recovered better than no-take zones suggesting some poaching in no-take zones. However, compared to other systems the GBRMP has relatively effective enforcement and compliance mechanisms. |
| Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Depleting Substance Industrial Producers | Yes (3) | Industrial producers comply with the national-level ODS regulations that exist. |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Artisan Fishermen | Somewhat (2) | At the start of the time period, fishermen did not follow the rules. At the end of the time period being coded, the fishery is collapsed and the number of fishermen greatly reduced, and they can be considered to be following the rules now - therefore coded as 'somewhat' (Shepherd et al., 2004; Wolff et al., 2011; Castrejon & Charles 2013) |
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Yes (3) | There is no evidence of rule violations by members of this group. ishers are monitored by two independent onboard observers, as well as other VMS (vessel monitoring system), port monitoring, CDS (catch documentation scheme), CCAMLR reporting, and surveillance carried out by patrols (AFMA or Australian Defense Force - though they are more actively looking for IUU). |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Tourism Sector | Yes (3) | Tourism in the Galapagos is generally considered to be well managed. |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Somewhat (2) | There is confusion among fishers over where they can fish or not. Chui-Ling Tam pers comm: The only map of the zoning of the WNP is the one in the management plan, so understanding of the park zones among the Bajau is by word of mouth from those who have (briefly) seen this map. |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Somewhat (2) | Turtles are not a main target species and are difficult to sell, but unlikely that if one was caught as by-catch that it would be released |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Somewhat (2) | harvesting of coral is considered an insignificant activity (Clifton 2013) |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | Yes (3) | |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Sanctuary Recreational Users | Yes (3) | |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | Yes (3) | |
| Community A (Fiji fisheries) | Governance | Community A | Yes (3) | 3.75/4: This value indicates that on average members of the community feel that rules are broken by just a few individuals (3) or no one at all (4). |
| Community B (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community B | Yes (3) | 3.5/4: This value indicates that on average members think that only a few individuals (3) or no one breaks rules with regards to the use of fish resources within the LMMA |
| Community C (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community C | Yes (3) | 3.11/4: This value indicates that on average respondents feel that somewhere between just a few individuals (3) and no one (4) violates fisheries rules. |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Tourism | Yes (3) | Tourism is well-regulated |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Yes (3) | |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Yes (3) | |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Yes (3) | There are strict tourism regulations, and no evidene found of breaches |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Groundfish Fishermen | Somewhat (2) | Most fishermen adhere to the quotas, but sometimes quotas are unintentionally surpassed. |
| Community F (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community F | Somewhat (2) | 2.83/4: This value indicates that individuals from this community feel that on average most (2) to just a few individuals (3) violate rules. |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Yes (3) | Fishers are monitored and there is no evidence that fishers have breached regulations regarding southern right whales |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Shrimp Fishers | Somewhat (2) | Yes, but there have been cases of conflict with Spanish fishers (fined for failing to keep catch logbooks for cod in 2006) and Russian trawlers - finde for dumping fish in the protection zone 2011 "Russia does not acknowledge Norwegian jurisdiction in the waters around Svalbard and believes that Russian vessels are not obliged to follow Norwegian law in the area unless the rules have been approved by the joint Norwegian, Russian fishery commission." http://barentsobserver.com/en/articles/no-conflict-svalbard-fisheries |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Yes (3) | Fishers are monitored |
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Yes (3) | There is no evidence that rules have been broken by toothfish fishers in relation to bycatch of light mantled albatross or the use of mitigation measures. |
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Yes (3) | Toothfish fishers only comprise two companies and four vessels in the HIMI region (during this snapshot) and there is no evidence that they are not following and complying with the seabird bycatch mitigation rules. |
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Yes (3) | Fishers are monitored by two independent onboard observers, as well as other VMS (vessel monitoring system), port monitoring, CDS (catch documentation scheme), CCAMLR reporting, and surveillance carried out by patrols (AFMA or Australian Defense Force - though they are more actively looking for IUU). |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Yes (3) | Fishers are well monitored and there is no evidence that fishers have breached regulations |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Yes (3) | No evidence of non-compliance by tourism operators - appears well monitored. |
| Community D (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community D | Somewhat (2) | 2.67/4: This value indicates that individuals from this community feel that on average most (2) to just a few individuals (3) violate rules. |
| Community E (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community E | Yes (3) | 3.04/4: This value indicates that on average members of the community feel that rules are broken by just a few individuals (3) or no one at all (4). |
| Community G (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community G | Yes (3) | 4/4: This value indicates that there is complete compliance with rules according to respondents. |
| Community H (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community H | Yes (3) | 4/4:Respondents indicate that there is complete or near complete compliance with rules regarding the use of fish resources within the LMMA. |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Not Applicable | |
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Not Applicable | |
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Missing | NO DATA |
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | ||
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | Yes (3) | No evidence to suggest non-complicane with rules regarding corals |
| Falkland Islands squid | Governance | Patagonian Squid Trawlers | Somewhat (2) | Largely high compliance, some cases of false reports and breaches of licenses. But not often. Participation in the VMS programme is a condition of registration (for Falkland Islands vessels) or licensing (for foreign vessels). Sometimes high reports of by catch are really illegal fishing with the net that is only allowed in Loligo box. |
| New Zealand squid | Governance | New Zealand Arrow Squid Fishers | Yes (3) | Generally yes. High social pressure. Some cases of misconduct on a range of issues. |
| California squid | Governance | California market squid fishermen | Yes (3) | Compliance is generally not a problem. Heavy fines and enforcement ensure this. |
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | Yes (3) | Within communities, farmers tend to follow the rules. There are only few to no rules. Theft and other issues often come from outside the community. |
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | ||
| Caete-Teperacu Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Braganca, Brazil | Governance | Association of Users in the Caete-Teperacu RESEX (ASSUREMACATA) in Brazil | Somewhat (2) | |
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | SCUBA diving businesses on Gili Trawangan | Yes (3) | |
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Gili Indah Dive Association (GIDA) | Yes (3) | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Isla Caballo AMPR Costa Rica | No (1) | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Palito-Montero AMPR Costa Rica | Somewhat (2) |