| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | "New Order" Indonesian Forest Governance System, 1965-1998 | 0 | This is a highly centralized governance system |
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| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | "Reformasi" Indonesian Forest Governance System, 1998-2012 | 1 | Decision-making power was devolved to the district level over some aspects of forest decision-making. In addition, customary (adat) law received some formal recognition |
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| Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Governance System | Coordination among multiple levels | |
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| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Marine Areas for Responsible Fishing (AMPRs) Costa Rica | Coordination among multiple levels | |
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| Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Governance System | Coordination among multiple levels | ICCAT coordinates rules and information about the resource, while nations are responsible for enacting regulations, and ensuring compliance among their flagged fleet. |
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| Montreal Protocol | Governance | Montreal Protocol | 1 | Nation states are responsible for reporting, and implementing protocol within their territory. |
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| Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Governance System | Coordination among multiple levels | ICCAT creates rules and conducts scientific assessments. Nation states implement rules, monitor resource use and report to ICCAT. |
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| International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) | Governance | Rhine Chemicals Convention | 1 | The Convention overlapped with regulations by nations on water pollution and treatment |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR Marine Park Act 1975-1999 | 0 | Managed exclusively by GBRMPA/QPWS. |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR Marine Park Act 2004-current | Coordination among multiple levels | Managed by GBRMPA/QPWS; these are different levels of government. |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR Marine Park Act 1975-1999 | 1 | |
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| Montreal Protocol | Governance | Pre-Montreal Protocol Ozone Governance | 0 | Only nation states are able to create regulations over this snapshot |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR Marine Park Act 2004-current | Coordination among multiple levels | This GS reflects a stream-lined polycentric governance system. There are Federal and State agencies involved, and local advisory groups but few actors considering the scale of the SES. |
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| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi National Park 2008-current | Coordination among multiple levels | Central government allocate budgets. Local government enforce legislation. NGOs fill in the gaps in enforcement, monitoring etc., |
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| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi National Park 2008-current | Coordination among multiple levels | Central government allocate budgets. Local government enforce legislation. NGOs fill in the gaps in enforcement, monitoring etc |
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| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi National Park 2008-current | Coordination among multiple levels | Central government allocate budgets. Local government enforce legislation. NGOs fill in the gaps in enforcement, monitoring etc., |
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| Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Marine National Monument | Governance | NWHI Monument Act 2006 | Coordination among multiple levels | Co-trusteeship with well-defined roles (Kittinger 2010) |
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| Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Marine National Monument | Governance | NWHI Monument Act 2006 | Coordination among multiple levels | Co-trusteeship with well-defined roles (Kittinger 2010) |
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| Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Marine National Monument | Governance | NWHI Monument Act 2006 | Coordination among multiple levels | Co-trusteeship with well-defined roles (Kittinger 2010) |
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| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | Joint Sanctuary Management Governance System | Coordination among multiple levels | Multiple agencies approach multiple areas of governance for the humpback whale. Coast Guard manages through aerial and vessel enforcement. Fish and Wildlife agents enforce violations. Sanctuary coordinates dealing with strandings and ship strikes. |
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| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | Joint Sanctuary Management Governance System | Coordination among multiple levels | Agencies coordinate greatly over rocky intertidal activities. CDFW and Coast Guard can enforce, Sanctuary actively manages. Local officials can enforce violations of Sanctuary rules regarding this habitat. |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Nature Reserve Management Plan | Coordination among multiple levels | The Australian government has supported some activities such as the pest eradication program that take place within the nature reserve. |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Toothfish Fishery Management Plan | Coordination among multiple levels | The AFMA coordinates some activities with other actors involved in the management of the Maquarie Island MPA and Nature Reserve and CCAMLR. Limited fishing effort takes place within the habitat/species protection zone of the MPA in the Macquarie Ridge sector. Fishing does not take place within the nature reserve, areas within 3 nautical miles from shore. |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Nature Reserve Management Plan | Coordination among multiple levels | The Tasmanian PWS and Director of National Parks aim to implement rules that are congruent with one another. |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Toothfish Fishery Management Plan | Coordination among multiple levels | Coordination occurs between the AFMA, Department of the Environment and Parks and Wildlife Service Tasmania |
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| Community A (Fiji fisheries) | Governance | Community A Governance System | Multiple levels but no coordination | There are multiple levels of governance in place; but little coordination across these levels. |
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| Community B (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community B Governance System | Multiple levels but no coordination | |
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| Community C (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community C Governance System | Multiple levels but no coordination | |
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| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Governance System | Coordination among multiple levels | Co-management - between Raja Ampat Regency, NGOs and local communities |
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| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Governance System | Coordination among multiple levels | Co-management - between Raja Ampat Regency, NGOs and local communities |
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| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Governance System | Coordination among multiple levels | |
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| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan | Coordination among multiple levels | Multiple levels are specified, within and among specific teams. There are frequent meetings with the various research teams and advisory teams, and with the voting Council members. The state manages near shore habitats and the state MPA structure (spatial closures), and the Council manages federal levels. |
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| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Environmental Protection Act | Coordination among multiple levels | Coordination between the Governor, Coast Guard, and Polar Institute (the latter two are branches/agencies of the central government). |
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| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Governance System 1998-current | Coordination among multiple levels | Two-tiered governance system - PMB and IMA |
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| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Governance System 1998-current | Coordination among multiple levels | Two-tiered governance system - PMB and IMA (on paper there is a clear framework on how these institutions operate with each other) |
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| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Governance System 1998-current | Coordination among multiple levels | Two-tiered governance system - PMB and IMA (with clear coordination, at least on paper) |
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| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Plan of Management 2000 - 2005 and Management Plan 2005 - 2012 | Coordination among multiple levels | There is coordination between the Great Australian Bight Marine Park Steering (state and commonwealth agencies, local government, fishery and tourism commissions) and Consultative Committees (community, indigenous, commercial and scientific interests), and the Director of National Parks. |
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| Community F (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community F Governance System | Multiple levels but no coordination | |
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| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Plan of Management 2000 - 2005 and Management Plan 2005 - 2012 | Coordination among multiple levels | The governance systems for this commons involve coordination among multiple levels. The Management Plans take into account Australia's obligations under relevant international agreements, for example the United Nationals Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (National Parks 1999; National Parks 2005). The Great Australian Bight Marine Park Steering and Consultative Committees help in the development of Management Plans and these Committees advise the Director about management of the GABMP (CW). At the time of preparation of the 2005 - 2012 Management Plan, the Steering Committee consisted of representatives from both State and Commonwealth agencies (Australian Government Department of the Environment and Heritage, South Australian Department for Environment and Heritage, Primary Industries and Resources South Australia), municipal government (District Council of Ceduna), and fishery and tourism commissions (South Australian Tourism Commission, Australian Fisheries Management Authority) (National Parks 2005). The Consultative Committee represents general community interests, Indigenous interests, commercial interests and scientific interests in the Park and the State Park and includes representatives of the petroleum and fishery industries, Indigenous peoples, scientists (SARDI, CSIRO and environmental non-government organizations (The Wilderness Society) (National Parks 2005). |
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| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Environmental Protection Act | Single-level governance | Central government regulations. |
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| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Plan of Management 2000 - 2005 and Management Plan 2005 - 2012 | Coordination among multiple levels | The Great Australian Bight Marine Park Steering and Consultative Committees help in the development of Management Plans and these Committees advise the Director about management of the GABMP (CW). At the time of preparation of the 2005 - 2012 Management Plan, the Steering Committee consisted of representatives from both State and Commonwealth agencies (Australian Government Department of the Environment and Heritage, South Australian Department for Environment and Heritage, Primary Industries and Resources South Australia), municipal government (District Council of Ceduna), and fishery and tourism commissions (South Australian Tourism Commission, Australian Fisheries Management Authority) (National Parks 2005). The Consultative Committee represents general community interests, Indigenous interests, commercial interests and scientific interests in the Park and the State Park and includes representatives of the petroleum and fishery industries, Indigenous peoples, scientists (SARDI, CSIRO and environmental non-government organizations (The Wilderness Society) (National Parks 2005). |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Marine Park Management Plan | Coordination among multiple levels | |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Marine Park Management Plan | Coordination among multiple levels | The Macquarie Island Management Plan is jointly implemented by a number of government bodies including the Australian fisheries management authority, Australian Department of the Environment, the Australian Antarctic Division, and Parks and Wildlife Service Tasmania |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Marine Park Management Plan | Coordination among multiple levels | The Tasmanian parks and Wildlife Services coordinates with the Department of the Environment Australia to coordinate regulations for the management of the reserve and marine park. |
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| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower MPA Act 2005 | Single-level governance | It is implemented by a regional-level governance agency CORALINA |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Nature Reserve Management Plan | Coordination among multiple levels | The Nature Reserve coordinates regulations with the toothfish fishery management plan and MPA management plan. |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR Marine Park Act 2004-current | Coordination among multiple levels | The GBR is co-managed between the federal and provincial governments through agreements which outline their joint responsibility. |
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| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Heard Island and McDonald Islands Fishery Management Plan | Coordination among multiple levels | There is purported collaboration and coordination across multiple levels, especially between the AFMA, the fishing industry, AAD, and CCAMLR. But also with the Australian Defense Force, who regularly patrols the area. |
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| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve Management Plan | Single-level governance | AAD is fully responsible for management. |
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| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve Management Plan | Single-level governance | AAD carries out all management. |
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| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Heard Island and McDonald Islands Fishery Management Plan | Coordination among multiple levels | The management plan requires coordination between AFMA, CCAMLR, AAD, and other stakeholders. |
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| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve Management Plan | Coordination among multiple levels | The HIMI MPA management plan is implemented by the AAD, but in coordination with AFMA, and other Australian government agencies. |
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| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Environmental Protection Act | Coordination among multiple levels | Coordination between the Governor, Coast Guard, and Polar Institute (the latter two are branches/agencies of the central government). |
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| Community D (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community D Governance System | Multiple levels but no coordination | |
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| Community E (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community E Governance System | Multiple levels but no coordination | |
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| Community G (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community G Governance System | Multiple levels but no coordination | |
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| Community H (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community H Governance System | Multiple levels but no coordination | |
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| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower MPA Act 2005 | Single-level governance | It is implemented by a regional-level governance agency CORALINA |
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| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih governance system | Coordination among multiple levels | Central government allocate budgets. Local government enforce legislation. |
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| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih governance system | Coordination among multiple levels | Central government allocate budgets. Local government enforce legislation. |
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| Falkland Islands squid | Governance | The Falkland Islands Government (FIG) Fisheries Department’s Falklands Interim Conservation and Management Zone (FICZ) | Coordination among multiple levels | Falkland Islands Fisheries Department is hierarchal (4 basic levels) and there is high coordination. Not so much different agencies. |
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| New Zealand squid | Governance | New Zealand Quota Management System | Coordination among multiple levels | Fisheries management policy in New Zealand is implemented through a series of five National Fisheries Plans for deepwater, highly migratory, inshore finfish, inshore shellfish and freshwater fisheries. Managers communicate frequently. Deepwater Team is about 6 people who focus on the nation's deepwater species. This is at the national level. Management is also in the jurisdiction of the MPI Science Team, and the Department of Conservation. While all national, each team has a different scale of interest. The Minister is at a top level and takes advice from all these teams. |
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| California squid | Governance | California Department of Fish and Wildlife Market Squid Fishery Management Plan | Coordination among multiple levels | Multiple levels: teams, regions. All coordinate frequently. One of the key aspects of this system is the high level of multiple levels coordinating with each other. EG: California Ocean Protection Council, California Fish and Game Commission, California Ocean Resources Management Program, NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Fishery Management Council, Coast Guard, National Marine Sanctuaries, etc. |
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| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture | Coordination among multiple levels | |
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| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture | | |
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| Caete-Teperacu Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Braganca, Brazil | Governance | Caeté-Taperaçú Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Brazil | Coordination among multiple levels | |
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| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Self.organized rules and norms for SCUBA diving | Single-level governance | |
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