Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Not Applicable | |
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Can access other alternatives with some difficulty (2) | Most households have dual livelihoods but fishers argue that it is difficult for them to transition out of fishing |
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Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Artisan Fishermen | Easily access other alternatives (1) | Fishers were provided with economic incentives to encourage “alternative livelihoods” related to tourism - and since the fishery is now closed assume that many were able to transition to other livelihoods. Galapagos Report 2011-2012 indicates the process took a long time to be implemented and that reforms relating to the exchange from fishing permits to tourism permits are needed. |
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Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Easily access other alternatives (1) | Groups hold rights to harvest toothfish resources in other areas such as the Heard and Macdonald Islands. |
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Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Tourism Sector | Can access other alternatives with some difficulty (2) | Tourism is the main economic activity in the Galapagos - unlikely to be able to find other employment options easily - could emigrate back to mainland Ecuador. |
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Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Can access other alternatives with some difficulty (2) | access to other fish species, and pelagic environment (dependent on season), but overall heavily dependent on coral-reef associated fish |
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Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Can access other alternatives with some difficulty (2) | access to other fish species, and pelagic environment (dependent on season), but overall heavily dependent on coral-reef associated fish |
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Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Can access other alternatives with some difficulty (2) | access to other fish species, and pelagic environment (dependent on season), but overall heavily dependent on coral-reef associated fish |
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Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Sanctuary Recreational Users | Can access other alternatives with some difficulty (2) | Other commons provide similar tourist attractions, e.g. dolphins, sea lions, but many people specifically come to watch the humpback whales, and thus it may be difficult for individuals seeking whales to find alternative sources. |
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Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | Easily access other alternatives (1) | |
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Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | Easily access other alternatives (1) | |
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Community A (Fiji fisheries) | Governance | Community A | Not Applicable | |
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Community B (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community B | Missing | |
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Community C (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community C | Easily access other alternatives (1) | |
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Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Can access other alternatives with some difficulty (2) | Many communities also farm, although their dependence on the sea versus land varies between communities based on their tradition and available land. |
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Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Tourism | Can access other alternatives with some difficulty (2) | There are other tourist activities: trekking, bird watching and sightseeing, but main attraction is diving. |
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Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Can access other alternatives with some difficulty (2) | Many communities also farm, although their dependence on the sea versus land varies between communities based on their tradition and available land. |
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Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Can access other alternatives with some difficulty (2) | Many communities also farm, although their dependence on the sea versus land varies between communities based on their tradition and available land. |
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Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Easily access other alternatives (1) | Can access other wildlife species |
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Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Groundfish Fishermen | Can access other alternatives with some difficulty (2) | While fishermen are heavily invested in the groundfish fishery, many can access other livelihood sources; many go into construction or real estate. |
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Not Applicable | |
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Community F (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community F | Easily access other alternatives (1) | 93% of respondents indicate that they derive income from sources other than the local fishery. |
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Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Easily access other alternatives (1) | Can access other fisheries |
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Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Shrimp Fishers | | |
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Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Easily access other alternatives (1) | Can access other fisheries |
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Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Not Applicable | |
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Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Not Applicable | |
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Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Easily access other alternatives (1) | Fishers hold rights to harvest toothfish elsewhere (Macquarie Island toothfish) and could apply to fish in CCAMLR's high seas toothfish fisheries. |
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Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Easily access other alternatives (1) | Can access other fisheries |
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Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Easily access other alternatives (1) | Can access other bird and wildlife species |
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Community D (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community D | Easily access other alternatives (1) | 100% of community members derive some portion of their income from non-fisheries sources. |
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Community E (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community E | Can access other alternatives with some difficulty (2) | Only 13% of respondents derive income from non-fisheries related sources. |
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Community G (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community G | Easily access other alternatives (1) | 100% of respondents indicate that they derive at least some portion of their income from non-fisheries sources. |
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Community H (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community H | Easily access other alternatives (1) | 100% of respondents indicate that they derive at least some portion of their income from non-fisheries activities. |
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Not Applicable | |
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Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Not Applicable | |
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Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Easily access other alternatives (1) | Other marine resources. Not sure about ecotourism. |
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Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | Easily access other alternatives (1) | Many communities also farm, although their dependence on the sea versus land varies between communities based on their tradition and available land. |
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Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | Easily access other alternatives (1) | Many communities also farm, although their dependence on the sea versus land varies between communities based on their tradition and available land. |
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Falkland Islands squid | Governance | Patagonian Squid Trawlers | Easily access other alternatives (1) | The Joint Ventures are involved with other fisheries and other industries. They are local business men in freight, construction, small aquaculture. Officers and crew - unsure but likely have options but fishing is best one. |
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New Zealand squid | Governance | New Zealand Arrow Squid Fishers | Easily access other alternatives (1) | Can easily go to other fisheries (hake, hoki). Also are active in other food industries e.g. agriculture, frozen vegetables, ice cream. Aquaculture. Hotels. Crew not as much. |
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California squid | Governance | California market squid fishermen | Easily access other alternatives (1) | Many can easily find other jobs (many go into construction, real estate, taxis) or are set for retirement. |
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Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | Can access other alternatives with some difficulty (2) | Some alternative exist such as mining, agriculture or selling in small shops, but not many opportunities. |
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Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | | |
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Caete-Teperacu Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Braganca, Brazil | Governance | Association of Users in the Caete-Teperacu RESEX (ASSUREMACATA) in Brazil | Cannot access alternatives (3) | |
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Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | SCUBA diving businesses on Gili Trawangan | Missing | |
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Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Gili Indah Dive Association (GIDA) | Missing | |
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Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Isla Caballo AMPR Costa Rica | Cannot access alternatives (3) | |
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Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Palito-Montero AMPR Costa Rica | Can access other alternatives with some difficulty (2) | |
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Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Paquera-Tambor AMPR Costa Rica | Can access other alternatives with some difficulty (2) | |
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