| Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Governance System | | |
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| Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Governance System | Missing | |
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| Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Governance System | Missing | |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR Marine Park Act 2004-current | Low (3) | Zoning is the main mechanism for managing coral reefs |
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| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi National Park 2008-current | Low (3) | no-take zones for spawning aggregations only |
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| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Governance System | High (1) | Variety of zoning - mixture of taboo, traditional use, no-take, and tourism zones. |
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| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower MPA Act 2005 | Missing | NO DATA |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Nature Reserve Management Plan | Low (3) | All use of toothfish resources is banned within the marine portion of the nature reserve. |
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| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve Management Plan | Medium (2) | AAD is the only institution involved in management of King Penguins and management focuses on limiting human use through a variety of arrangements (e.g, protecting nesting sites, limiting human visitation, rules for interaction with the penguins, protecting foraging grounds.). |
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| California squid | Governance | California Department of Fish and Wildlife Market Squid Fishery Management Plan | Low (3) | CDFW has jurisdiction over all state waters, all habitats. One governance structure for all California habitats. |
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| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture | | |
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| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture | | |
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| Caete-Teperacu Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Braganca, Brazil | Governance | Caeté-Taperaçú Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Brazil | Missing | |
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| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Self.organized rules and norms for SCUBA diving | Low (3) | |
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| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Marine Areas for Responsible Fishing (AMPRs) Costa Rica | Medium (2) | |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR Marine Park Act 2004-current | High (1) | There are multiple institutions applied to the commons, e.g., spatial mgt, gear mgt, size and effort mgt, and seasonal closures for some species. |
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| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi National Park 2008-current | Low (3) | Zoning is the main mechanism for managing coral reefs |
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| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi National Park 2008-current | Low (3) | Protection of nesting beaches is main method of protection. Through CITES trade of turtles is prohibited |
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| Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Marine National Monument | Governance | NWHI Monument Act 2006 | Low (3) | The whole area is no-take |
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| Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Marine National Monument | Governance | NWHI Monument Act 2006 | Low (3) | The whole area is no-take |
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| Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Marine National Monument | Governance | NWHI Monument Act 2006 | Low (3) | Focussing on no-take |
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| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | Joint Sanctuary Management Governance System | High (1) | There are a number of various agencies and institutions that coordinate protection of whales (Sanctuary office, Coast Guard, NMFS). Ship strikes are decreased by discussion with industry, while boats (e.g. whale watching vessels) are enforced for their adherence to the Marine Mammal Act (keeping a distance, not changing behavior). Ship groundings, oil spills, and marine debris are threats actively managed for. The Sanctuary works with military to reduce military threats (e.g. acoustics, trainings in hot spots). |
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| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | Joint Sanctuary Management Governance System | High (1) | Multiple agencies have jurisdiction over rocky intertidal activities (Sanctuary, CDFW, NMFS). Local authorities can enforce poaching. Sanctuary offices work with agriculture and desalination plants to ensure reduced threats to this ecosystem. Some areas are protected from any public use. |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Nature Reserve Management Plan | Medium (2) | The Nature Reserve Management Plan includes a number of institutions designed to limit human impact, confine significant impacts to a small area of the reserve and protect the breeding areas throughout the reserve. |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Toothfish Fishery Management Plan | Medium (2) | Regulations include quotas as well as measures designed to limit impacts on habitat and bycatch. |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Nature Reserve Management Plan | Medium (2) | Rules concentrate on a complete ban on harvesting; and reduction of threats such as invasive species and regulating tourist interactions. |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Toothfish Fishery Management Plan | High (1) | The toothfish fishery management plan includes measures that seek to control exploitation of toothfish stocks; but also seeks to minimize impacts on other species and the environment. |
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| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Governance System | High (1) | Focussed on zoning - mixture of taboo, traditional use, no-take, and tourism zones.
Alternative to turtle meat (pigs) introduced in some villages |
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| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Governance System | Medium (2) | Variety of zoning across MPAs - fit with traditional management areas, and dive sites. |
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| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan | High (1) | The groundfish management plan identifies a number of agencies, e.g. NMFS, state Department of Fish and Wildlife, Department of the Interior. They manage this commons through gear restrictions, limited access (permits, IFQs), area closures and depth closures. Foreign vessels are restricted and quotas are allocated according to historical activity. Some species have seasonal limitations. |
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| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Environmental Protection Act | Medium (2) | There is a ban on polar bear hunting throughout all of Norway, and there are bans on visiting some of the islands and surrounding waters. There are regulations on camping, land use, and pollution |
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| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Governance System 1998-current | High (1) | Wide diversity on the PMB from fisher, tourism sector |
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| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Governance System 1998-current | High (1) | Wide diversity on the PMB from fisher, government and tourism sector |
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| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Governance System 1998-current | High (1) | Wide diversity on the PMB from fisher, tourism sector |
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| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Plan of Management 2000 - 2005 and Management Plan 2005 - 2012 | Low (3) | Few regulations within the Park - main focus is prohibiting vessel traffic in the Marine Mammal Protection Zone of the GABMP (CW) from May 1 to October 31. |
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| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Plan of Management 2000 - 2005 and Management Plan 2005 - 2012 | Low (3) | Few regulations within the Park - main focus is prohibiting vessel traffic in the Marine Mammal Protection Zone of the GABMP (CW) from May 1 to October 31. |
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| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Environmental Protection Act | High (1) | Numbers of vessels; number of fishing days; Minimum cod-end mesh size (35 mm); mandatory sorting grids; temporary closing of areas with excessive by-catch of other important commercial species, e.g. juvenile cod, haddock, Greenland halibut.
NAFO SCR Doc. 12/51 |
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| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Plan of Management 2000 - 2005 and Management Plan 2005 - 2012 | Low (3) | There are fairly limited restrictions within the MPA - there is a ban on trawl fishing, and seasonal restrictions during southern right whale calving. no commercial fishing in the Marine Mammal Protection Zone from May 1 - October 31 and no demersal trawling in the Benthic Protection Zone. |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Marine Park Management Plan | High (1) | The Marine Park Management Plan includes a number of restrictions that collectively aim to protect habitat and species within the MPA. These range from ban on harvesting, prohibitions against discharge from boats, and technological prohibitions. |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Marine Park Management Plan | Medium (2) | Regulations include technological prohibitions within the species protection zone and bans within the highly protected zone. |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Marine Park Management Plan | High (1) | A number of institutions are used to conserve Royal Penguins, including bans on harvesting, spatial and temporal restrictions on interactions between tourists and Royal Penguins and other habitat conservation rules. |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR Marine Park Act 2004-current | High (1) | The GBR is a single MPA with many different types of zones, where different types of activities are permitted in each zone. Other management tools involve a ban on hunting and requirements for turtle excluder devices. |
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| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Heard Island and McDonald Islands Fishery Management Plan | Medium (2) | The Fisheries Management Plan includes a variety of seabird bycatch mitigation measures, including those developed by CCAMLR. These include: area closures (e.g., the HIMI MPA), longline weighting (CCAMLR Conservation Measure 24-02), the use of streamer lines, restrictions on time of day for setting gear, prohibition of dumping offal and discards, etc. (CCAMLR Conservation Measure 25-02 and CCAMLR Conservation Measure 25-03). Additionally, all fishing vessels must carry two AFMA fisheries observers who then provide data on seabird presence and interaction with the fishery. |
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| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve Management Plan | Medium (2) | The HIMI Marine Reserve Management Plan has a variety of institutions designed to protect migratory species, including no take areas (which protect foraging grounds), requirement of permits to visit the island and protection of nesting sites as off limits. |
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| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Heard Island and McDonald Islands Fishery Management Plan | High (1) | The toothfish fishery management plan includes a wide variety of measures that seek to control exploitation of toothfish stocks, while also minimizing impacts on other species and the environment. |
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| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve Management Plan | Low (3) | With regards to fishing, the MPA is a completely no take zone, with the exception of a smaller "Conservation Zone" where more research is needed to assess its value to the MPA and its implications to the HIMI fishery. |
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| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Environmental Protection Act | Medium (2) | All traffic is forbidden in bird sanctuaries between 15 May and 15 August.
Tourists visiting Svalbard pay an environment fee to the Svalbard Environmental Protection Fund that supports initiatives that preserve Svalbard’s unique wilderness and cultural heritage (Governor of Svalbard 2010). |
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| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower MPA Act 2005 | Missing | |
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| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih governance system | Low (3) | Zoning is the main instiution: the main zones are core, marine protection, tourism, traditional, special, with the majority of the park designated as general. |
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| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih governance system | Low (3) | Zoning is the main instiution: the main zones are core, marine protection, tourism, traditional, special, with the majority of the park designated as general. |
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| Falkland Islands squid | Governance | The Falkland Islands Government (FIG) Fisheries Department’s Falklands Interim Conservation and Management Zone (FICZ) | Low (3) | Limited area (one environmental context), effort-based management means that institutional diversity is low. One management context that applies to one area. |
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| New Zealand squid | Governance | New Zealand Quota Management System | Medium (2) | Governance system applies same regulations exist for all squid FMAs. Regulations do not depend on ecosystem or depth. Regulations for sea lion capture do focus on 6T (Auckland) region, so this is diverse. But generally same regulations for all regions.
General national management recognizes various users: Maori people, commercial, foreign fleet, recreational. It also imposes different teams for various ecosystems (deepwater, inshore, high migratory species, aquaculture). Deepwater team focuses on squid and other deepwater species, so this is why it is considered medium. Deepwater team focuses on squid even though juveniles can be caught <200m from the surface. |
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