Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian "Adat" Communities | Low (1) | Generally speaking, members of this community were poor, having few possessions and limited opportunities to participate in economic activities apart from swidden agriculture & hunting & gathering. |
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Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Large Extractive Industries in Indonesia | High (3) | This represents a group of highly profitable industries. That said, many of the employees of the companies remained quite poor. |
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Forests in Indonesia | Governance | "New Order" Indonesian Central Government (1965-1998) | Medium (2) | Although the leaders of the government were very wealthy, most government employees were not. |
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Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian "Adat" Communities | Low (1) | These are poor forest dependent people. |
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Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Large Extractive Industries in Indonesia | High (3) | The leaders of these companies are making lots of money - their employees are not necessarily wealthy, but the wealth of the leaders is what enables them to be well connected. |
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Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Civil society organizations in Indonesia | | unknown? |
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Forests in Indonesia | Governance | "Reformasi" Indonesian Central Government (1998-2012) | Medium (2) | While some are wealthy, most would probably be thought of as having a medium economic status. |
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Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian Local entrepreneurs | Medium (2) | These people are local elites - wealthy by the standards of local areas, but not by national or global standards. |
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Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian District Governments | | ? |
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Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | High (3) | Most would probably be thought of as having a medium economic status in California but globally high status. PIs make probably around 100,000/year (give or take). |
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Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Groundfish Fishermen | High (3) | Most would probably be thought of as having a medium economic status, but globally would be considered high. |
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | High (3) | Live in a developed economy |
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Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Contracting Parties | Medium (2) | |
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Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Contracting Parties | Medium (2) | |
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Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Sanctuary Recreational Users | High (3) | Most would probably be thought of as having a medium economic status, but globally would be a high economic status. |
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Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Contracting Parties | Medium (2) | |
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Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Western Members | High (3) | Based upon the US, Canada and Japan (>95% of reported catches) |
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Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Eastern Members | Medium (2) | |
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Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Secretariat | Not Applicable | |
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Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Eastern Members | Medium (2) | |
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Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Nation States | Medium (2) | |
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Community H (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community H | Missing | |
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Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Depleting Substance Industrial Producers | High (3) | Many ODS industrial producers are large multinational corporations |
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International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) | Governance | ICPR nations (1976-1986) | | |
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International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) | Governance | Rhine chemical firms | High (3) | The industry enjoyed economic growth and international expansion |
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR government co-managers | High (3) | Managers are middle to upper-middle income. |
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Community D (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community D | Missing | |
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Medium (2) | |
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR government co-managers | Medium (2) | Managers are middle to upper-middle income. |
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | High (3) | Citizens of a high-income country |
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Medium (2) | |
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | High (3) | Citizens of a high-income country |
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Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Depleting Substance Industrial Producers | High (3) | |
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Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Nation States | Medium (2) | |
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Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Artisan Fishermen | Medium (2) | Coded as medium - as some of the fishers at the start of the time period were teachers and politicans who took time off to come and fish to make money (Alex Hearn pers comm), but there were undoubtedly poor groups of people who also come to make money, with many fishers entereing debt from buying boats and equipment - 1996 estimate that 37% of fisher income used to repay such debts (Shepherd et al., 2004) |
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Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | High (3) | |
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Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi managers | Not Applicable | |
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Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi managers | Not Applicable | |
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Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi managers | Not Applicable | |
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Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Marine National Monument | Governance | NWHI Monument Co-Trusteeship | High (3) | Federal and state government organizations that make up the co-trusteeship |
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Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | GMR managers | Medium (2) | includes government organisations, but coded as medium as also includes representatives from fishers and tourism (who have been coded as medium) |
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Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | GMR managers | Medium (2) | includes government organisations, but coded as medium as also includes representatives from fishers and tourism |
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Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Tourism Sector | Medium (2) | variation from high end tourism to local |
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Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Low (1) | Bajau are generally a marginalised group. Characterized by high infant mortality, low levels of formal educational achievement, and other indicators of poverty (Chou 1997). |
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Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | National Marine Sanctuaries Office of NOAA | High (3) | Managers tend to be middle-class, globally this would be ranked as High. |
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Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Low (1) | Bajau are generally a marginalised group. Characterized by high infant mortality, low levels of formal educational
achievement, and other indicators of poverty (Chou 1997). |
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Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Low (1) | Bajau are generally a marginalised group. Characterized by high infant mortality, low levels of formal educational achievement, and other indicators of poverty (Chou 1997). |
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Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | GMR managers | Medium (2) | includes government organisations, but coded as medium as also includes representatives from fishers and tourism (who have been coded as medium) |
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Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Tourism Sector | Medium (2) | variation from high end tourism to local |
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Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Marine National Monument | Governance | NWHI Monument Co-Trusteeship | High (3) | Government organisations |
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Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Managers | High (3) | |
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Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Marine National Monument | Governance | NWHI Monument Co-Trusteeship | High (3) | Includes government organisations |
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Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | National Marine Sanctuaries Office of NOAA | High (3) | Very high economic status compared to rest of the world. Program analyst makes $90,823.00 - $139,523.00 / Per Year (USAJobs.gov) |
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Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | High (3) | Managers tend to be middle-class, globally this would be ranked as High. |
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Community A (Fiji fisheries) | Governance | Community A | Missing | |
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Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Charles Darwin Foundation | Medium (2) | International organisation with ~85% Ecuadorian staff. |
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Community B (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community B | Missing | |
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Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Low (1) | |
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Community C (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community C | | |
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Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Managers | Medium (2) | Mix of local communities, NGOs and government - so overall coded as medium |
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Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Low (1) | |
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Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Tourism | Not Applicable | |
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Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Low (1) | |
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Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Managers | Not Applicable | |
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Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Managers | Not Applicable | |
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Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California State and Federal Fisheries Agencies | High (3) | Managers tend to be middle-class, globally this would be ranked as High. An entry level position can make $58,562.00 - $76,131.00 / Per Year in CDFW (USAJobs.gov). Council members can make around $64,000 / Per Year or more (Indeed.com) |
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Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Fisheries Management Authority | High (3) | |
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Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Managers | High (3) | |
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Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Fisheries Management Authority | High (3) | |
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Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Medium (2) | No data specifically on this. ‘Expedition Cruise’ operators (smaller) are likely Moderate, while ‘Overseas Cruise’ operators (larger) are likely High. |
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Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Resource Managers | Not Applicable | |
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | High (3) | Citizens of a high-income country |
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Community F (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community F | Missing | |
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR government co-managers | Not Applicable | |
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Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | High (3) | Profitable fishery, and the price of southern bluefin tuna has been increasing |
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Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Shrimp Fishers | Medium (2) | Difficult to obtain numbers for the group. These fishers are likely able to meet comfortably meet their basic needs, but are not getting rich. |
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Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Resource Managers | Not Applicable | |
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Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Resource Managers | Not Applicable | |
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Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Director of National Parks | Not Applicable | |
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Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | High (3) | Profitable fishery, and the price of southern bluefin tuna has been increasing |
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Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Director of National Parks | Not Applicable | |
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Seaflower MPA | Governance | CORALINA | Not Applicable | |
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Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Charles Darwin Foundation | Medium (2) | International organisation with ~85% Ecuadorian staff. |
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Medium (2) | The majority of boats operate with a profit, but few boats make enormous profits (Taylor-Moore 2000). |
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR government co-managers | Not Applicable | |
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR fisheries managers | Not Applicable | |
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Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | High (3) | In general toothfish fishers would be considered to have a high economic status. |
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Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Antarctic Division | High (3) | |
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Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Fisheries Management Authority | High (3) | |
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Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | High (3) | |
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Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Antarctic Division | High (3) | |
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Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Charles Darwin Foundation | Medium (2) | International organisation with ~85% Ecuadorian staff. |
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Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Marine National Monument | Governance | NWHI Researchers | High (3) | International researchers |
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Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | High (3) | |
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Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Fisheries Management Authority | High (3) | |
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Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Director of National Parks | Not Applicable | |
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Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | High (3) | Profitable fishery, and the price of southern bluefin tuna has been increasing |
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Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Medium (2) | No data specifically on this. ‘Expedition Cruise’ operators (smaller) are likely Moderate, while ‘Overseas Cruise’ operators (larger) are likely High. |
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Community E (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community E | Missing | |
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Community G (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community G | Missing | |
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Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Low (1) | Artisanal fishers tend to have low economic status in general. |
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Seaflower MPA | Governance | CORALINA | Not Applicable | |
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Falkland Islands squid | Governance | Falkland Islands Government (FIG) Fisheries Managers | High (3) | The average FIG employee has a per capita income above the median, with the 7th highest average of 20 different sectors. Make decent living, and provided housing. |
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Falkland Islands squid | Governance | Patagonian Squid Trawlers | Medium (2) | Falkland Island business men: Second highest income next to technical/scientific industry. Officers: okay. Crew: low but paid. |
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New Zealand squid | Governance | New Zealand Arrow Squid Fishers | High (3) | New Zealand ensures minimum wage, can meet basic needs. |
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Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Paquera-Tambor AMPR Costa Rica | Low (1) | |
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Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Low (1) | Artisanal fishers tend to have low economic status in general. |
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Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih managers | Not Applicable | |
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Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | Low (1) | |
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Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih managers | Not Applicable | |
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Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | Low (1) | |
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR fisheries managers | Not Applicable | |
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New Zealand squid | Governance | New Zealand Fishery Managers | High (3) | All make ends meet and some. |
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California squid | Governance | California Department of Fish and Wildlife Market Squid Managers | High (3) | While not considered wealthy compared to other Californians, are middle-class and go beyond basic needs. |
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California squid | Governance | California market squid fishermen | High (3) | Can go beyond basic needs. |
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Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian Institute of Sciences - LIPI | Not Applicable | |
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Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | Low (1) | |
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Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | | |
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Caete-Teperacu Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Braganca, Brazil | Governance | Association of Users in the Caete-Teperacu RESEX (ASSUREMACATA) in Brazil | Low (1) | |
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Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | SCUBA diving businesses on Gili Trawangan | High (3) | |
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Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Gili Indah Dive Association (GIDA) | High (3) | |
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Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Gili EcoTrust on Gili Trawangan | Not Applicable | |
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Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Isla Caballo AMPR Costa Rica | Low (1) | |
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Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Gili Indah Dive Association (GIDA) | High (3) | |
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Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Palito-Montero AMPR Costa Rica | Low (1) | |
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