| Variable Type | Binary |
|---|---|
| Variable Component Type | Natural Resource Unit, Natural Resource System |
| Variable Kind | Interaction |
| Theme | External (learn about themes) |
| Projects | SESMAD, Fiji fisheries |
| Question | Have invasive species been a problem for this resource? |
| Select Options | |
| Unit | |
| Role | |
| Importance | Invasive species can harm ecosystems whose own species are poorly adapted to the behaviors of the invasive. |
| Definition | Non-indigenous or non-native species that adversely affect the habitats and bioregions they invade. Effects can include outcompeting native species, predation, affecting habitats, etc. |
| Sectors |
Theory Usages
| Theory | Value Used |
|---|---|
| Openness and general resilience | Yes |
Case Usages
| Case | Interaction Type | Component | Value Used | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Forests in Indonesia | No | no evidence about invasive species. |
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Forests in Indonesia | No | Invasive species were not an important problem during this period (unless you consider people to be invasive). |
| Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | Western Atlantic Bluefin Tuna | No | |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve | Biophysical | Galapagos Sea Cucumber | ||
| Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | Eastern Atlantic Bluefin Tuna | No | |
| Community D (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community D Fish Resources | No | |
| Community G (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community G Fish Resources | No | |
| Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | Eastern Atlantic Bluefin Tuna | No | |
| Montreal Protocol | Biophysical | Ozone | Not Applicable | |
| Community H (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community H Fish Resources | No | |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR coral cover | No | |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR target fish | No | |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR coral cover | No | |
| Montreal Protocol | Biophysical | Ozone | Not Applicable | |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Rocky Shores Ecosystem Health | Yes | Invasive species is a massive problem for these habitats. The San Francisco Bay is considered the most invaded aquatic ecosystem in North America as it has over 212 introduced species, consisting mostly of invertebrates such as clams and crabs (SIMoN 2015). The green crab is a particular species causing issues for this habitat. |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR target fish | No | |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi coral cover | No | No evidence so far of this. |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi fish spawning | No | |
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Patagonian Toothfish | No | There is no evidence that this stock has been affected by invasive species. |
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Light Mantled Albatross | Yes | Feral cats and rabbits on Macquarie Island were a serious problem for many seabirds. However they were eradicated in 2002; further eradication programs completed by 2012 have eliminated rats and rabbits from the island which has been declared pest-free. |
| Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Marine National Monument | Governance | NWHI Lobster Fishery | No | no evidence of this |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Green Turtle | No | No evidence found |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Sea Cucumber | No | Invasive species are a problem within the GMR as a whole, however no information found regarding invasive species specific to sea cucumber. |
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Royal Penguin | Yes | Cats and rats have been known to take the eggs of royal penguins; although pest eradication programs have been successful in recent years |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Humpback Whale | No | |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Green Turtle | Yes | increasing predation by invasive species on nesting beaches |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Sea Lion | No | |
| Community E (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community E Fish Resources | No | |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Coral Cover | No | no evidence of this |
| Community C (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community C Fish Resources | No | |
| Community F (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community F Fish Resources | No | |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Sharks | No | Invasives are a big problem for the Galapagos but currently mainly on land |
| Community B (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community B Fish Resources | No | |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Green Turtle | No | No evidence for this found |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Reef Fish | No | no evidence of this |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Southern Bluefin Tuna | No | There is no evidence so far of invasive species being a problem for this resource. |
| Community A (Fiji fisheries) | Governance | Community A Fish Resources | No | |
| Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Marine National Monument | Governance | NWHI Trophic Density | No | Records of invasive species, but no negative impacts reported as yet: Eleven species of shallow-water snapper (Lutjanidae) and grouper (Serranidae) were purposefully intro-duced to the main islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Two snappers, the bluestripe snapper (Lutjanus kasmira) and the blacktail snapper (L. fulvus), and one grouper, the peacock grouper (Cephalopholis argus), are well-established and have documented patterns of colonization along the island chain (Randall, 1987). http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/ecosystems/coralreef/coral_report_2005/nwhi_ch10_c.pdf |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Shrimp | No | For Svalbard in general, there is considerable concern about the potential threat of invasive species, and the tourism industry recognizes the need to prevent their spread (Evenset and Christensen 2011). However, I have not found literature which documents any issues from invasive species on shrimp in Svalbard. |
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Patagonian Toothfish | No | |
| Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Marine National Monument | Governance | NWHI Green Turtle | No | Fibropapillomatosis disease is considered the primary threat to green turtles - this disease increased rapidly since 1980s, and the prevalence of this disease has been linked to invasive macroalgae (demonstrated strong epidemiological links between disease rates, nitrogen-footprints, and invasive macroalgae (van Houtan et al. 2010)) - NB this paper was contentious! |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Southern Right Whale | No | There is no evidence so far of invasive species being a problem for this resource. |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Groundfish Habitat | Yes | Invasive species are particularly lethal for juveniles, and somewhat for adults. The native species are not adapted to respond in behavior to invasive species, causing problems as competitors. No species have physiological responses to respond to invasive species (Hamel et al. 2012) |
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Light Mantled Albatross | No | There are no invasive species (except for one alien plant species) on HIMI. |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR Green Turtle | Yes | Introduced species such as rats and dogs can affect turtle nesting and survival of hatchlings (GBRMPA 2014). |
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | King Penguin | No | Due to its remoteness and lack of human visitors, there are no reported human introduced invasive species. There is one species of non-native grass (believed to be introduced naturally from another subantarctic island), which does not impact the penguin. However, with no scientific expeditions since 2003/04, it is unknown if there have been recent introductions that may impact penguin populations. |
| Falkland Islands squid | Governance | Patagonian squid (Loligo gahi) | No | |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Kittiwake | No | no evidence. For Svalbard in general, there is considerable concern about the potential threat of invasive species, and the tourism industry recognizes the need to prevent their spread (Evenset & Christensen 2011 ). |
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih coral cover | No | no evidence |
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower coral reefs | No | None reported |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Polar Bear | No | For Svalbard in general, there is considerable concern about the potential threat of invasive species, and the tourism industry recognizes the need to prevent their spread (Evenset and Christensen 2011 ). However, for the polar bear invasive species are not an issue; there are no invasive species which provide competition or negatively affect their food sources. |
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih target fish | No | no evidence of this |
| New Zealand squid | Governance | Arrow Squid (Nototodarus spp.) | No | No, not in marine system (NZ land system has many) |
| California squid | Governance | California market squid (Loligo opalescens) | No | |
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture irrigation canals | Not Applicable | |
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture irrigation canals | ||
| Caete-Teperacu Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Braganca, Brazil | Governance | Mangrove forest in Bragança, Brazil | Missing | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Gulf of Nicoya fisheries | Missing | |
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Coral reefs, coast and small-island on and surrounding Gili Trawangan, Indonesia | Missing | |
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower groupers | No | None mentioned in the literature |