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Social-Ecological Systems Meta-Analysis Database: Variables

Variable TypeCategorical
Variable Component TypeActor
Variable KindInteraction
ThemeInstitutions (learn about themes)
ProjectsSESMAD
QuestionWere the rights that this group has with respect to this commons freely given, or sold?
Select OptionsFree, Sold
Unit
RoleCommonsUser
ImportanceMore expensive rights may limit the number of users and consequently reduce use of the commons. At the same time, high prices may have negative distributional consequences.
Definition

When rights are sold, parties must pay to purchase rights, either with money or with equivalent instruments (e.g. such as exchanging other rights). Freely given rights are rights that are given without compensation.

Sectors

Theory Usages

TheoryValue Used

Associated Studies

Study Citation

Case Usages

CaseInteraction TypeComponentValue UsedExplanation
Montreal ProtocolGovernanceOzone Depleting Substance Industrial ProducersNot Applicable
Great Barrier Reef Marine ParkGovernanceGBR recreational fishersNot Applicable
Great Barrier Reef Marine ParkGovernanceGBR commercial fishersSoldPay a license fee
Montreal ProtocolGovernanceOzone Depleting Substance Industrial ProducersNot Applicable
Macquarie Island Marine ParkGovernanceAustralian Toothfish FishersMissingThe rights are tradeable; but it is not clear whether initial rights were given freely or sold to them
Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR)GovernanceGalapagos Tourism SectorSoldTourism operators must have a permit. At least at the tart, this was open to all that applied, but there are now tighter regulations.
Wakatobi National Park GovernanceWakatobi Bajau fishersFree
Wakatobi National Park GovernanceWakatobi Bajau fishersFree
Central California National Marine Sanctuaries GovernanceCalifornia Academic ResearchersFree
Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004)GovernanceRaja Ampat Artisanal FishersFree
Svalbard Nature ReservesGovernanceSvalbard Tourism 
Great Barrier Reef Marine ParkGovernanceGBR recreational fishersFree
Svalbard Nature ReservesGovernanceSvalbard Shrimp FishersFree
Macquarie Island Marine ParkGovernanceAustralian Toothfish FishersFreeRights to capture light mantled albatross as bycatch are granted to statutory fishing rights holder in relation to the number of hooks set.
Heard and McDonald Islands Marine ReserveGovernanceAustralian Toothfish FishersFreeThe "rights" to incidentally capture seabirds (including light-mantled albatross) are granted with the fishery quotas (a maximum of three seabirds per vessel could be incidentally caught).
Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters)GovernanceGABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial FishersNot Applicable
Svalbard Nature ReservesGovernanceSvalbard TourismNot Applicable
Great Barrier Reef Marine ParkGovernanceGBR commercial fishersNot Applicable
Seaflower MPAGovernanceSeaflower artisanal fishersNot Applicable
Seaflower MPAGovernanceSeaflower artisanal fishersFreeBased on historic and cultural use.
Cenderwasih National ParkGovernanceCenderwasih fishersFree
Falkland Islands squidGovernancePatagonian Squid TrawlersSoldITQ at first granted at no cost, company then had right to entitlement and right to purchase license. ITQs are now traded and sold.
New Zealand squidGovernanceNew Zealand Arrow Squid FishersSoldQuotas free at first, now any newcomers have to buy in. Still need to purchase commercial fishing permit.
California squidGovernanceCalifornia market squid fishermenSoldBoth. Freely given if participated in it historically. Sold to newcomers now.
Pond aquaculture on Lombok, IndonesiaGovernanceLombok aquaculture farmersSold
Pond aquaculture on Lombok, IndonesiaGovernanceLombok aquaculture farmers 
Caete-Teperacu Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Braganca, BrazilGovernanceAssociation of Users in the Caete-Teperacu RESEX (ASSUREMACATA) in BrazilFree
Gili Trawangan Coastal TourismGovernanceSCUBA diving businesses on Gili TrawanganFree
Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governanceGovernanceIsla Caballo AMPR Costa RicaFree
Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governanceGovernancePalito-Montero AMPR Costa RicaFree
Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governanceGovernancePaquera-Tambor AMPR Costa RicaFree
Gili Trawangan Coastal TourismGovernanceGili Indah Dive Association (GIDA)Free
Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR)GovernanceGalapagos Artisan FishermenSoldSold via licensing (permit to fish)
Wakatobi National Park GovernanceWakatobi Bajau fishersFree
Central California National Marine Sanctuaries GovernanceCalifornia Sanctuary Recreational UsersFree
Central California National Marine Sanctuaries GovernanceCalifornia Academic ResearchersFree
Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004)GovernanceRaja Ampat TourismSoldSince 2007 all visitors traveling in Raja Ampat have to pay an entrance fee.
Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004)GovernanceRaja Ampat Artisanal FishersFree
Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004)GovernanceRaja Ampat Artisanal FishersFree
Central California National Marine Sanctuaries GovernanceCalifornia Groundfish FishermenSoldRights are bought through permits.
Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters)GovernanceGABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial FishersNot Applicable
Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters)GovernanceGABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial FishersSold
Heard and McDonald Islands Marine ReserveGovernanceAustralian Toothfish FishersMissing
Cenderwasih National ParkGovernanceCenderwasih fishersFree