| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian "Adat" Communities | High (3) | Changes in the forest are immediately apparent to local forest users. |
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| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Large Extractive Industries in Indonesia | | This actor group does not attempt to improve the conditions of the commons. |
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| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | "New Order" Indonesian Central Government (1965-1998) | | I don't think this actor group made any attempts to ameliorate. |
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| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian "Adat" Communities | High (3) | this actor group lives directly in the forest and can easily experience effects of its attempts to ameliorate condtiions. |
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| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Large Extractive Industries in Indonesia | | Actor does not ameliorate |
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| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Civil society organizations in Indonesia | | not clear |
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| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | "Reformasi" Indonesian Central Government (1998-2012) | | |
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| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian Local entrepreneurs | | Does not attempt to ameliorate |
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| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | Medium (2) | The Humpback whale population has been increasing. Ship strikes are more immediate effect but population level changes are over years. |
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| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Missing | NO DATA |
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| Seaflower MPA | Governance | CORALINA | Missing | NO DATA |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR fisheries managers | Medium (2) | Fisheries recovery and regeneration is relatively quick given good enforcement and compliance to spatial management and fisheries management.Full recovery can take between a decade and 25 yrs. Some stocks can recover quicker but full protection for an extended period is needed to achieve pre-exploitation stocks. |
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| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian District Governments | | ? does this group actually ameloriate? |
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| Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Contracting Parties | Low (1) | Regulatory attempts to improve resource stocks have not had an appreciable impact on resource conditions |
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| Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Contracting Parties | Low (1) | Management efforts appear to take considerable time to improve resource conditions, and may be driven by more stochastic processes. |
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| Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Contracting Parties | Low (1) | |
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| Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Western Members | Low (1) | Attempts to improve resource conditions over many years have not had an appreciable impact on the Western stock, suggesting that effects take a long time to emerge. |
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| Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Eastern Members | Low (1) | |
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| Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Secretariat | Low (1) | The environmental effects of reductions in ODS take a very long time to appear |
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| Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ICCAT) | Governance | ICCAT Eastern Members | Low (1) | Eastern stocks have experienced short periods of stability after peaking in the late 1970;s, amidst a general pattern of decline. A complete ban on harvesting may result in fairly rapid recovery (4-5 years), however, attempts that have been made to recover stocks have either failed or taken a long time to have an impact. |
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| Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Nation States | High (3) | ODS emission reductions can be experienced rapidly given an appropriate monitoring regime. |
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| Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Depleting Substance Industrial Producers | High (3) | Industrial producers rapidly experience the economic effects of reductions in ozone depleting substances, although these are somewhat offset by economic payoffs from substitutes. The environmental effects on ozone occur over a much longer period of time. |
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| International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) | Governance | ICPR nations (1976-1986) | | |
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| International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) | Governance | Rhine chemical firms | Medium (2) | This actor group does not experience the detrimental effects from water pollution as it does not use generally speaking the Rhine's water (quality) for its production process.
That said, the effects are moderated by climatic events (rainfall) and sedimentation processes |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR government co-managers | Medium (2) | |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Medium (2) | Damage to corals, for example from anchor damage or fishing with bottom gears in coral areas, is highly visible (if you are underwater to look at it) - broken, dead, or bleached corals. Depending on the extent of damage, recovery can range from a year to many years. |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR government co-managers | Medium (2) | Damage to corals, for example from anchor damage or fishing with bottom gears in coral areas, is highly visible (if you are underwater to look at it) - broken, dead, or bleached corals. Depending on the extent of damage, recovery can range from a year to many years. Coded medium here because recovery takes a while. |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Medium (2) | Damage to corals, for example from anchor damage or fishing with bottom gears in coral areas, is highly visible (if you are underwater to look at it) - broken, dead, or bleached corals. Depending on the extent of damage, recovery can range from a year to many years. |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Low (1) | |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Medium (2) | Recovery takes years to decades if there is high compliance to fisheries regulations and MPA rules |
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| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | Medium (2) | Rocky shore habitats tend to rebound quickly (within a year or within a few years) if protected. However, researchers do not necessarily set protection limits. |
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| Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Depleting Substance Industrial Producers | Low (1) | The environmental effects of ozone depleting substances are experienced slowly as the chlorine in ODS interacts with ozone in the atmosphere. |
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| Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Nation States | High (3) | Regulatory attempts to control ODS emissions can have a rapid impact on this commons (ODS emissions) |
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| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Artisan Fishermen | Low (1) | Sea cucmbers take 3-5 years to reproduce and an appropiate size to catch. In theory sea cucmbers could recover well, but they have been fished to depletion and it is not yet known if densities are too low for them to reporduce and recover so at present there are no signs of recovery.
(Hearn et al., 2005) |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Missing | |
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| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi managers | Medium (2) | Damage from blast fishing has been somewhat ameliorated, so they can see lower incidences of this, but actual recovery of the coral reef can range from a year to many years. Coded medium here because recovery takes a while. |
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| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi managers | Low (1) | Long-lived and slow to reproduce |
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| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi managers | Medium (2) | Increase by a small amount year on year. Grouper and Snapper are relatively long-lived so replenishment is slightly slower than for other species. |
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| Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Marine National Monument | Governance | NWHI Monument Co-Trusteeship | Medium (2) | Moderately quick to reproduce |
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| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | GMR managers | Low (1) | Long-lived and slow to reproduce |
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| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | GMR managers | Low (1) | Sea cucumbers slow growing and low reproductive capacity, managers allow fishing to continue while densities are low, so attempts to set minimum density limits do not exhibit noticeable improvements. |
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| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Tourism Sector | Low (1) | Long-lived and slow to reproduce |
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| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Low (1) | No real effort by Bajau to ameliorate fish spawning. Grouper and Snapper are relatively long-lived so replenishment is slightly slower than for other species |
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| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Low (1) | Turtles are long-lived and slow to reproduce |
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| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Medium (2) | Damage to corals is highly visible underwater, e.g. broken coral from blast fishing, but recovery can range from a year to many years, depending on the extent of damage. |
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| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | GMR managers | Low (1) | Most sharks are long-lived and slow to reproduce, they are also wide ranging and may spend considerable amounts of time outside of the GMR |
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| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Tourism Sector | Not Applicable | |
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| Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Marine National Monument | Governance | NWHI Monument Co-Trusteeship | Low (1) | Changes to trophic density can take a while to appear, but the NWHI remains a predator-dominated ecosystem. |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Managers | Missing | |
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| Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Marine National Monument | Governance | NWHI Monument Co-Trusteeship | Low (1) | Turtles are long-lived and slow to reproduce |
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| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | National Marine Sanctuaries Office of NOAA | Medium (2) | The Humpback whale population has been increasing. Ship strike avoidance is more of a short term visible influence, while population level changes take a few years. |
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| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Director of National Parks | Low (1) | This species has a population breeding time of 17.6 months, which is slower than many other Pinniped species. Populations are small and genetically isolated. In the first two years of life, mortality is estimated at 40–50% for Australian Sea-lion pups (Higgins 1990). |
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| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | National Marine Sanctuaries Office of NOAA | Medium (2) | Rocky shore habitats tend to rebound quickly (within a year or within a few years) if protected. |
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| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Sanctuary Recreational Users | Low (1) | Indirect amelioration efforts (e.g. picking up trash, monitoring, making sure they don't impede individual whales), but how quickly this helps is not clear. |
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| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Medium (2) | Damage to corals is highly visible underwater, e.g. broken coral from blast fishing, but recovery can range from a year to many years, depending on the extent of damage. |
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| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Managers | Medium (2) | Recovery of the coral reef can range from a year to many years. Coded medium here because recovery takes a while |
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| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Medium (2) | Some improvements in biomass have been detected - coded as medium because some reef associated species such as Grouper and Snapper are relatively long-lived so replenishment is slightly slower than for other species |
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| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Tourism | Not Applicable | |
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| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Low (1) | Turtles have slow reproduction rates and have long life spans. |
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| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Managers | Low (1) | Turtles are long-lived and slow to reproduce |
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| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Managers | Low (1) | Fisheries recovery and regeneration is relatively quick given good enforcement and compliance to spatial management and fisheries management. Full recovery can take between a decade and 25 yrs. |
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| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California State and Federal Fisheries Agencies | Low (1) | Management efforts appear to take considerable time to improve resource conditions, mixed results on amelioration efforts. |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Fisheries Management Authority | Missing | |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Macquarie Island Managers | Missing | |
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| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Not Applicable | |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Fisheries Management Authority | Missing | |
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| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Not Applicable | |
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| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Groundfish Fishermen | Low (1) | Since these are slow growing species, often times it takes 15-40 years to feel the effects of any amelioration efforts. Amelioration efforts include helping to establish Essential Fish Habitats. |
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| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Resource Managers | Low (1) | Based on the trends following the ban on hunting in 1973, it takes a long time for the polar bear population to recover (Derocher et al 2005). Therefore, this is coded as low – managers get a delayed feedback about their management efforts. |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Medium (2) | Recovery takes years to decades if there is high compliance to fisheries regulations and MPA rules |
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| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Charles Darwin Foundation | Low (1) | Turtles are slow to reproduce - population changes take a long time to see |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR government co-managers | Medium (2) | Fisheries recovery and regeneration is relatively quick given good enforcement and compliance to spatial management and fisheries management.Full recovery can take between a decade and 25 yrs. Some stocks can recover quicker but full protection for an extended period is needed to achieve pre-exploitation stocks. Depending on the level of degradation corals can also show signs of recovery within years to decades. |
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| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Not Applicable | |
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| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Shrimp Fishers | Not Applicable | |
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| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Resource Managers | Medium (2) | Effects may not be observed until the following year (or maybe longer). |
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| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Resource Managers | Medium (2) | Generational length of 12.9 years. |
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| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Director of National Parks | Medium (2) | The southern right whale population has been increasing but southern right whales are slow to reproduce and have low regeneration rates. |
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| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Low (1) | Migratory species that has undergone dramatic population declines |
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| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Director of National Parks | Low (1) | Migratory species that has undergone dramatic population declines |
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| Seaflower MPA | Governance | CORALINA | Medium (2) | Some corals grow fast and can be quickly visible |
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| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Charles Darwin Foundation | Low (1) | Most sharks are long-lived and slow to reproduce, they are also wide ranging and may spend considerable amounts of time outside of the GMR |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Not Applicable | |
|---|
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR government co-managers | Low (1) | Since turtles are long-lived, slow reproducing species, changes in management strategies may take years before outcomes can be determined. |
|---|
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR fisheries managers | Low (1) | Since turtles are long-lived, slow reproducing species, changes in management strategies may take years before outcomes can be determined. |
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| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Missing | |
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| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Antarctic Division | Missing | |
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| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Fisheries Management Authority | Not Applicable | |
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| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Missing | |
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| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Antarctic Division | Missing | |
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| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Charles Darwin Foundation | Low (1) | Sea cucumbers are fairly slow growing and broadcast spawners so need high densities to ensure fertilization. Fishing continued to extremely low levels, so noticeable improvements. |
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| Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Marine National Monument | Governance | NWHI Researchers | Low (1) | Changes in trophic density can take a while to appear, but the NWHI remains a predator-dominated reef ecosystem |
|---|
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Missing | |
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| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Fisheries Management Authority | Missing | |
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| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Not Applicable | |
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| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Not Applicable | |
|---|
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Medium (2) | Damage to corals, for example from anchor damage or fishing with bottom gears in coral areas, is highly visible (if you are underwater to look at it) - broken, dead, or bleached corals. Depending on the extent of damage, recovery can range from a year to many years. |
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| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih managers | Medium (2) | Recovery of the coral reef can range from a year to many years. Coded medium here because recovery takes a while |
|---|
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | Medium (2) | coded as medium because some reef associated species such as Grouper and Snapper are relatively long-lived so replenishment is slightly slower than for other species |
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| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih managers | Medium (2) | Grouper and Snapper are relatively long-lived so replenishment is slightly slower than for other species. |
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| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | | |
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| Falkland Islands squid | Governance | Patagonian Squid Trawlers | High (3) | If fishermen send indicators to managers of conditions that require closing, impacts are felt within that or next season. |
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| New Zealand squid | Governance | New Zealand Arrow Squid Fishers | High (3) | Hasn't attempted amelioration. Due to Biology would likely be quickly. |
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| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Paquera-Tambor AMPR Costa Rica | Missing | |
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| Falkland Islands squid | Governance | Falkland Islands Government (FIG) Fisheries Managers | High (3) | Since there is a weak stock recruitment relationship, attempts to ameliorate the commons are quick since usually it is to protect juveniles or spawning females. Spatial restrictions (in the form of areas temporally or permanently closed for fishing) may be used to prevent the fishing of dense schools of small juvenile squid during their offshore feeding migrations (Arkhipkin et al. 2013a). |
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| New Zealand squid | Governance | New Zealand Fishery Managers | High (3) | Have not really tried to ameliorate, but closing the fishery due to sea lion escape rates likely takes pressure off squid and so can quickly recover. |
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| California squid | Governance | California Department of Fish and Wildlife Market Squid Managers | Medium (2) | Effects can be seen next year, though habitat restoration could take many years. |
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| California squid | Governance | California market squid fishermen | High (3) | Effects are felt next year. |
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| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian Institute of Sciences - LIPI | | |
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| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | Missing | |
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| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | | |
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| Caete-Teperacu Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Braganca, Brazil | Governance | Association of Users in the Caete-Teperacu RESEX (ASSUREMACATA) in Brazil | Missing | |
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| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | SCUBA diving businesses on Gili Trawangan | Missing | |
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| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Gili Indah Dive Association (GIDA) | Missing | |
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| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Gili EcoTrust on Gili Trawangan | Missing | |
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| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Isla Caballo AMPR Costa Rica | Missing | |
|---|
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Gili Indah Dive Association (GIDA) | Missing | |
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| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Palito-Montero AMPR Costa Rica | Missing | |
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