| Variable Type | Ordinal |
|---|---|
| Variable Component Type | Actor |
| Variable Kind | Interaction |
| Theme | Institutions (learn about themes) |
| Projects | SESMAD |
| Question | How negotiable is access by non-members of this actor group to this environmental commons? |
| Select Options | 1 Rigid, 2 Moderate, 3 Negotiable |
| Unit | |
| Role | CommonsUser |
| Importance | This is related to one of the design principles related to boundary clarity (Ostrom 1990; Cox et al. 2010) |
| Definition | "A negotiable boundary is one where ad-hoc negotiations can be and are commonly made by non-members to obtain access to this environmental common. A rigid boundary is one where negotiations to access this environmental commons by non-members are not possible or not fruitful." |
| Sectors |
Theory Usages
| Theory | Value Used |
|---|---|
| Transhumance | Negotiable |
Associated Studies
Case Usages
| Case | Interaction Type | Component | Value Used | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian "Adat" Communities | Not sure how to interpret this question for this variable. | |
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Large Extractive Industries in Indonesia | not sure what this means? | |
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian "Adat" Communities | ||
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Large Extractive Industries in Indonesia | ||
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Civil society organizations in Indonesia | ||
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian Local entrepreneurs | ? | |
| Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Depleting Substance Industrial Producers | Rigid (1) | Although there were a large number of ODS producers spread across many countries, large-scale chemical producers such as DuPont in the US and Atochem in France dominate the industrial producers. |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | Moderate (2) | Any researcher likely can study the humpback whale, given their study is appropriate under laws. Anyone can observe the humpback whale at a certain distance. No one can harm a marine mammal. |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | Moderate (2) | Anyone can observe or conduct scientific projects in the area, however permits may not be delivered if scientific focus or methodologies are determined inappropriate/harmful. Rocky shores are easily accessible by public lands, however most resources for extraction are not legal. |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Shrimp Fishers | Rigid (1) | There are strict regulations about the number of boats per country allowed to fish. Norwegian and Russian boats need permits. Therefore, the number of actors involved in shrimp fishing is highly regulated. |
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Rigid (1) | |
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Rigid (1) | |
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Rigid (1) | Fishery boundaries are well established, given the remote location and small size of the fishery. Also only AFMA can give rights. |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Rigid (1) | Indirect access through observation, bu the Australian sea lion is a protected species |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Negotiable (3) | Although the boundary is open for any operator to initiate cruises to Svalbard, in practice almost all boats/operators are members of AECO |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Not Applicable | |
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Not Applicable | |
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Missing | NO DATA |
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | Rigid (1) | |
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | Rigid (1) | |
| Falkland Islands squid | Governance | Patagonian Squid Trawlers | Rigid (1) | The ITQ and licensing system is very controlled and limited. |
| New Zealand squid | Governance | New Zealand Arrow Squid Fishers | Rigid (1) | QMS means quota is personal property. Can buy into, but very expensive and doesn't get sold much. |
| California squid | Governance | California market squid fishermen | Moderate (2) | Can negotiate a license (can buy). |
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | Rigid (1) | |
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | ||
| Caete-Teperacu Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Braganca, Brazil | Governance | Association of Users in the Caete-Teperacu RESEX (ASSUREMACATA) in Brazil | Rigid (1) | |
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Gili Indah Dive Association (GIDA) | Not Applicable | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Isla Caballo AMPR Costa Rica | Moderate (2) | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Palito-Montero AMPR Costa Rica | Moderate (2) | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Paquera-Tambor AMPR Costa Rica | Moderate (2) | |
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | SCUBA diving businesses on Gili Trawangan | Not Applicable | |
| Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Depleting Substance Industrial Producers | Rigid (1) | Although there were a large number of ODS producers spread across many countries, large-scale chemical producers such as DuPont in the US and Atochem in France dominate the industrial producers. |
| International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) | Governance | ICPR nations (1976-1986) | ||
| International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) | Governance | Rhine chemical firms | Rigid (1) | Installing a chemical firm in the Rhine's basin requires formally non-negotiable governmental permits |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Not applicable; recreational fishers don't target corals | |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Not Applicable | |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Rigid (1) | Membership rules are clear, specified through flags and licenses. |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Rigid (1) | Membership rules are clear, specified through flags and licenses. Membership allocations were reduced in this time period. |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Artisan Fishermen | Rigid (1) | After 1998 and GMR established, fishing rights given exclusively to local fishers, at small scales only (Schuhbauer & Koch, 2013; GNPS 1998). Fishing rights can be passed on within a family. |
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Rigid (1) | Rights may only be granted by AFMA, given the remote location and small size of the fishery boundaries are well established. |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Tourism Sector | Rigid (1) | |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Negotiable (3) | The Bajau are a minority group, but they make up the majority of fishers. However, there are other groups like the Butanese who access this commons hence boundaries are negotiable. |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Negotiable (3) | All harvesting of turtles is banned. However, technically the Butonese also have to access this commons hence boundaries are negotiable. |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Negotiable (3) | Butanese access the fishery but only Bajau mine coral / held reasonable for destructive gear use. Bajau cannot control access of others to the resource though Butanese have more diverse alternative livelihoods. |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Sanctuary Recreational Users | Moderate (2) | Any person can be a recreational user (observer) of whales, but within the limits of the law. No one can extract a whale. |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Rigid (1) | |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Tourism | Not Applicable | |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Rigid (1) | |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Rigid (1) | |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Negotiable (3) | Although the boundary is open for any operator to initiate cruises to Svalbard, in practice almost all boats/operators are members of AECO. |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Groundfish Fishermen | Moderate (2) | The groundfish fishery is composed of a limited entry trawl, limited entry fixed gear, and open access fishery. Anyone with the appropriate permits can fish in this area. If they have the correct permits and gear, anyone can join. |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Negotiable (3) | Anyone can be a recreational fisher, you do not need a license |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Rigid (1) | Indirect access through observation. But it is an offense to kill, injure, take, trade, keep or move a listed species such as a southern right whale without authorization. |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Negotiable (3) | Access to non-members of this actor group to this environmental commons for recreational fishing or scientific research in the GABMP (CW) can be carried out under a permit issued by the Director of National Parks or under a Commonwealth or State law. |