| Variable Type | Binary |
|---|---|
| Variable Component Type | Actor |
| Variable Kind | Interaction |
| Theme | Technology (learn about themes) |
| Projects | SESMAD, Fiji fisheries |
| Question | Is overcapitalization (e.g. excessive fishing capacity that overwhelms renewal rates of fish or another natural resource) a problem for this user group? |
| Select Options | |
| Unit | |
| Role | CommonsUser |
| Importance | "This variable is important because overcapitalization may cause the depletion of common-pool resources such as the fish stock (Botsford et al. 1997, Pauly et al. 2002). In fisheries, the term overcapitalization, overcapacity or excess capacity indicates a level of catching power that exceeds what is needed to catch available fishery resources (Greboval and Munro 1999). The overcapitalization of world fisheries is a significant contributor to the overexploitation of world fishery resources (Botsford et al. 1997, Pauly et al. 2002). Reasons advanced for the overcapitalization of the world's fisheries include: the open-access nature of many fisheries, fisheries that are managed non-cooperatively; sole-ownership fisheries with high discount rates and/or high price-to-cost ratios, the increasing replacement of small-scale fishing vessels with larger ones, and the payment of subsidies by governments to fishers, which generate profits even when resources are overfished (Pauly et al. 2002). In the irrigation sector, buying or holding too much agricultural land relative to the availability of water would be another example." |
| Definition | Overcapitalization is an economic term that refers to the phenomenon of giving to an asset a higher value than its “real” economic value. This in turn puts a strain on attempts to obtain a sustainable return on investment. |
| Sectors |
Theory Usages
| Theory | Value Used |
|---|---|
| Gilded traps | Yes |
| Subsidies and perverse incentives | Yes |
Associated Studies
| Study Citation |
|---|
Case Usages
| Case | Interaction Type | Component | Value Used | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian "Adat" Communities | No | No. |
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Large Extractive Industries in Indonesia | Yes | Over investment in log processing facilities in the 1980s (encouraged by subsidies) encouraged high harvesting throughout the 1980s and 1990s. |
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian "Adat" Communities | No | This is a problem for extractive industries, but not for this group. |
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Large Extractive Industries in Indonesia | Yes | overinvestment in timber processing facilities during the 1990s led to pressure to increase harvesting during this period. |
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Civil society organizations in Indonesia | No | |
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian Local entrepreneurs | Yes | overcapitalization of wood processing faciliities has contributed to the existence of a ready local market for ilelgally harvested forest products, which many local entrpreneurs are satisfying. |
| Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Depleting Substance Industrial Producers | Missing | |
| International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) | Governance | ICPR nations (1976-1986) | ||
| International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) | Governance | Rhine chemical firms | ||
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | No | Not for coral reefs |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Not Applicable | |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Yes | Government apply sanctions to commercial fishers breaking fishing regulation or zoning rules |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | No | Buy-outs in the industry reduced the capacity of the fishery, which is now largely considered sustainable |
| Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Depleting Substance Industrial Producers | No | |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Artisan Fishermen | Yes | Excessive fishing capacity, more boats and fishermen than the stocks can sustain - main reason for fishery collapse |
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | No | Only 2 companies and 3 boats are permitted to operate in the fishery at any one time |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Tourism Sector | Not Applicable | |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Yes | Yes, increase in fishing technologies, including mechanisation of boats, but most fishing activity remains artisanal for subsistence. There is limited commercial fishing. |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Yes | Yes, increase in fishing technologies, inlcuding mechanisation of boats, but most fishing activity remains artisanal for subsistence. There is limited commerical fishing. |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Missing | Population is increasing. No clear data on whether access to destructive gear like dynamite has changed. |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Sanctuary Recreational Users | No | |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | No | |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | No | |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Tourism | Not Applicable | |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | No | |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | No | outside fishers are an issue |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | No | |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Yes | Some argue there are too many recreational fishers. Technologies are not huge but are still significant for a measure activity for some fishers |
| Community F (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community F | No | |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | No | Australias quota of SBT is well regulated - Australia’s quota bottomed out at 4,015 tonnes pa in the 2 years ending 2010/11, then increased to 4,528 tonnes in 2011/12, and 4,698 tonnes in 2012/13. Historically SBT has been over-fished by mnay nations |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Shrimp Fishers | No | |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | No | Australias quota of SBT is well regulated - Australia’s quota bottomed out at 4,015 tonnes pa in the 2 years ending 2010/11, then increased to 4,528 tonnes in 2011/12, and 4,698 tonnes in 2012/13. Historically SBT has been over-fished by many nations |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | No | Not anymore, since no direct harvesting allowed. |
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | No | |
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | No | |
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | No | The level of fishing capacity is appropriate for the fishery. |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | No | Australias quota of SBT is well regulated - Australia’s quota bottomed out at 4,015 tonnes pa in the 2 years ending 2010/11, then increased to 4,528 tonnes in 2011/12, and 4,698 tonnes in 2012/13. Historically SBT has been over-fished by mnay nations |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | No | |
| Community D (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community D | No | |
| Community E (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community E | No | |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Not Applicable | |
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Missing | NO DATA |
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Missing | NO DATA |
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | Yes | outside fishers are an issue - there have been conflicts with bagan fishers (Erdmann pers comm.) |
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | No | outside fishers are an issue - there have been conflicts with bagan fishers (Erdmann pers comm.) but this does not directly relate to corals |
| Falkland Islands squid | Governance | Patagonian Squid Trawlers | No | Effort is limited according to in-season estimates of spawning activity |
| New Zealand squid | Governance | New Zealand Arrow Squid Fishers | No | No evidence of overfishing |
| California squid | Governance | California market squid fishermen | No | Cap is only sometimes hit. Thought "fishery naturally manages itself". Cap has not been reached during this snapshot. |
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | No | |
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | ||
| Caete-Teperacu Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Braganca, Brazil | Governance | Association of Users in the Caete-Teperacu RESEX (ASSUREMACATA) in Brazil | Missing | |
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | SCUBA diving businesses on Gili Trawangan | Yes | |
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Gili Indah Dive Association (GIDA) | Yes | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Isla Caballo AMPR Costa Rica | No | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Palito-Montero AMPR Costa Rica | Missing | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Paquera-Tambor AMPR Costa Rica | Missing | |
| Community G (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community G | No | |
| Community A (Fiji fisheries) | Governance | Community A | No | |
| Community B (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community B | No | |
| Community C (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community C | No | |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Population fairly low, but outside fishers exploiting the MPA - including blast fishing is an issue | |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Groundfish Fishermen | No | Not anymore with the quota system and high monitoring. |
| Community H (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community H | No |