| Variable Type | Binary |
|---|---|
| Variable Component Type | Actor |
| Variable Kind | Interaction |
| Theme | Institutions (learn about themes) |
| Projects | SESMAD |
| Question | Does this commons using actor group receive external support (subsidies, logistics, scientific information) from external groups (NGOs, governmental agencies). |
| Select Options | |
| Unit | |
| Role | CommonsUser |
| Importance | External support can aid a local group by providing services and functions that they couldn't obtain otherwise, but it can also lead to negative outcomes (e.g. through perverse agricultural subsidies) and can crowd out local incentives for commons users to self-organize. |
| Definition | External support to a commons user group can involve financing/subsidies, new infrastructure, information, or any other resource that is designed to alter the ways in which the commons user group interacts with their environment. This variable is similar to the variable "external support", but it is specific to support provided to a commons user group. |
| Sectors |
Theory Usages
| Theory | Value Used |
|---|
Associated Studies
| Study Citation |
|---|
Case Usages
| Case | Interaction Type | Component | Value Used | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Not Applicable | |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Yes | Scientific information mainly |
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Yes | Subsidies are provided by the Australian government; they also receive support from the coalition of legal toothfish operators and Marine Stewardship Council. |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Yes | Guidlines and advice provided by AECO. |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | No | Representative organisations have access to available scientific knowledge, however, the majority of rec fishers are not supported directly by external agents |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Shrimp Fishers | No | |
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Yes | External support is received from the Coalition of Legal Toothfish Operators and the Marine Stewardship Council. Both help advocate for this fishery as legal and sustainable. |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Yes | Scientific data on corals and fisheries are publicly available to commercial fishers groups |
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | Yes | WWF and some local NGOs are working in the area |
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | ||
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Gili Indah Dive Association (GIDA) | Yes | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Isla Caballo AMPR Costa Rica | Yes | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Paquera-Tambor AMPR Costa Rica | Yes | |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Artisan Fishermen | Yes | While fishery was open they had access to scientific advice for sustainable management of the fishery. Now ther fishery is closed there is support for alternative livelihoods provided by management and NGOs - including economic incentives and training- Galapagos Report 2011-2012 |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Tourism Sector | Yes | Scientific advice (e.g. CDF make much of their research public) provided to tourism operators, and there is some requirement for all tours to include a naturalist guide - and I believe this concept was instigated by WWF/CI (?) and they trained the first set of guides (many ex-fishermen) |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | No | Very limited support to the Bajau - socially and economically marginalised group, further exacerbated in the Wakatobi through measures designed to improve MPA effectiveness, particularly with regard to economic incentives (Clifton 2013). |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | No | Very limited support to the Bajau - socially and economically marginalised group, further exacerbated in the Wakatobi through measures designed to improve MPA effectiveness, particularly with regard to economic incentives (Clifton 2013). |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | No | Very limited support to the Bajau - socially and economically marginalised group, further exacerbated in the Wakatobi through measures designed to improve MPA effectiveness, particularly with regard to economic incentives (Clifton 2013). |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | Yes | The Sanctuary office provides information and access to researchers. Other agencies e.g. Coast Guard and NGOs e.g. Oceana work with researchers. |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Sanctuary Recreational Users | Yes | The Sanctuary provides maps, pamphlets, and other material to recreational users. |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | Yes | The Sanctuary office provides information and access to researchers. Other agencies e.g. Coast Guard and NGOs e.g. Oceana work with researchers. |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Yes | Huge support from local goverment and International NGOs, in terms of funding (for patrols of the MPA), and education provision |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Tourism | Yes | Yes there is some support from NGOs as they were keen for tourism to be a main revenue stream for Raja Ampat. Support from government - home-stays are given a tax break (must be run entirely by local community members) |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Yes | Extensive support from international NGOs (CI and TNC) - CI introduced pigs to villages as an alternative communal protein source, this included training and expert advice from veterinary professionals on how to raise pigs in the local environment. Support from churches to declare turtle-free Christmas/Easter (M.Erdmann pers ocmm) |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Yes | Huge support from local goverment and International NGOs, in terms of funding (for patrols of the MPA), and education provision and training |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Groundfish Fishermen | Yes | Scientific information is accessible to groundfish fishermen, as well as maps from the Sanctuary for users. |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Yes | Governement agencies provide support with regard to avoiding entanglement and an appropriate disentanglement response to be implemented when required. Support from Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna: http://www.ccsbt.org/site/ - the CCSBT is an intergovernmental organisation responsible for the management of southern bluefin tuna throughout its distribution. |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Yes | Support from Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna: http://www.ccsbt.org/site/ - the CCSBT is an intergovernmental organisation responsible for the management of southern bluefin tuna throughout its distribution. |
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Yes | This group receives support from the AFMA and marine stewardship council with regards to strategies to limit bycatch, manage the fishery, and earn premiums because of MSC certification. |
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Yes | This group receives support from the AFMA, AAD, CCAMLR and the Marine Stewardship Council with regards to information and strategies to limit bycatch, manage the fishery, and earn premiums (through MSC certification). |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Yes | Support from Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna: http://www.ccsbt.org/site/ - the CCSBT is an intergovernmental organisation responsible for the management of southern bluefin tuna throughout its distribution. |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Yes | Members of AECO receive support in terms of education, advice, and a collective voice for management http://www.aeco.no/resources-and-tools/ |
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Missing | NO DATA |
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Missing | NO DATA |
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | Yes | WWF and some local NGOs are working in the area |
| Falkland Islands squid | Governance | Patagonian Squid Trawlers | Yes | From Spanish Government (fuel and construction) |
| New Zealand squid | Governance | New Zealand Arrow Squid Fishers | Yes | Scientific report yes, from NGOs. Observers for tracking from government. |
| California squid | Governance | California market squid fishermen | Yes | NGO: California Wetfish Producers Association provides support Harbormaster: Provides weather information and other logistical support Government: Provides scientific information |
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | Yes | Subsidies from government in the form of equipment for canal maintanence |
| Caete-Teperacu Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Braganca, Brazil | Governance | Association of Users in the Caete-Teperacu RESEX (ASSUREMACATA) in Brazil | Yes | |
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | SCUBA diving businesses on Gili Trawangan | Yes | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Palito-Montero AMPR Costa Rica | Yes |