| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian "Adat" Communities | No | Although there may have been customary conflict resolution systems, these were undermined during this period, and there was no ability for these communities to access conflict resolution - they were violently suppressed by the government. |
|---|
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Large Extractive Industries in Indonesia | Yes | We don't have alot of direct evidence about this, however it appears that the central government, another actor, as well as APKINDO (a trade group) served as conflict resolution methods for conflicts within this group. |
|---|
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian "Adat" Communities | No | I haven't found any evidence of this. |
|---|
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Large Extractive Industries in Indonesia | | unknown? |
|---|
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Civil society organizations in Indonesia | | ? |
|---|
| Forests in Indonesia | Governance | Indonesian Local entrepreneurs | No | We found no evidence for conflict resolution mechanimss. |
|---|
| Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Depleting Substance Industrial Producers | Missing | |
|---|
| International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) | Governance | ICPR nations (1976-1986) | | |
|---|
| International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) | Governance | Rhine chemical firms | | |
|---|
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | | Not applicable |
|---|
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | No | |
|---|
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Yes | Mechanisms are in place. Research on their effectiveness is not available. |
|---|
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Yes | Mechanisms are in place. Research on their effectiveness is not available. |
|---|
| Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Depleting Substance Industrial Producers | No | |
|---|
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Artisan Fishermen | Yes | Legal process in place. Informal mechanisms exist |
|---|
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Missing | |
|---|
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Tourism Sector | Yes | There is a legal process in place - not sure if any infractions have ever gone to court though |
|---|
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Yes | The Bajau have well-developed mechanisms for dealing with conflict within their society (Julian Clifton pers comm) |
|---|
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Yes | The Bajau have well-developed mechanisms for dealing with conflict within their society (Julian Clifton pers comm) - turtles are not a major catch species, so unlikely conflict is to arise over such a commons |
|---|
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Yes | The Bajau have well-developed mechanisms for dealing with conflict within their society (Julian Clifton pers comm) - coral harvesting is not a major activity so unlikely conflict is to arise over such a commons |
|---|
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Sanctuary Recreational Users | Yes | Enforcement through the Sanctuary, Coast Guard, CDFW, or NMFS deals with conflicts of recreational users breaking regulations. |
|---|
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | Yes | Researchers do not use humpback whales in the form of "taking" but instead monitor and observe them. The permit system creates clear structures and violations result in clear sanctions. |
|---|
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | Yes | The permit system creates clear structures and violations result in clear sanctions. |
|---|
| Community A (Fiji fisheries) | Governance | Community A | Yes | |
|---|
| Community B (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community B | Missing | |
|---|
| Community C (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community C | Missing | |
|---|
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Yes | Traditional management "sasi" practices were reinvigorated through the implementation of the MPAs and such traditional management and systems has channels to address possible conflicts |
|---|
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Tourism | Yes | In theory yes, because they are established Tourism regulations |
|---|
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Yes | Legal process, and village chiefs have the power to address conflicts over the use of the green turtles. |
|---|
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Yes | Villages each have a chief that have the power to address conflicts. |
|---|
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Yes | Although I have not found literature which specifically describes conflict resolution mechanisms, it is likely that these exist. The tourism association AECO has a formal structure. Each Annual General Meeting may provide the opportunity to bring up, discuss, and vote on issues. |
|---|
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Groundfish Fishermen | Yes | If a user does not follow the regulations in place, that user is held to the law and can be arrested and/or fined. If a general discussion is needed, there are public hearings and public meetings for conflicts to be addressed and discussed. |
|---|
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Yes | Assume mechanisms are in place, as with commercial fishers. Also potential to appeal through justice system. However how effective these mechanisms are has not been researched. |
|---|
| Community F (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community F | Missing | |
|---|
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Yes | Limited instances of conflict with southern right whales. But in general there are processes for dealing with conflict - the management plan allows the Director of National Parks to undertake enforcement actions under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act and enforcement operations are assisted by Customs, Coastwatch and the Australian Defence Force |
|---|
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Shrimp Fishers | Yes | The regulations for fishing are clearly defined, and any infraction of the rules could result in penalty (and fines have been enforced). The Coast Guard conducts regular monitoring.
Note however, it is more difficult to enforce regulations over international vessels than Norwegian ones. The Svalbard Treaty outlines that Svalbard should be a demilitarized zone, and therefore other countries may question any use of force to enforce regulations (as a political statement). |
|---|
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Yes | The Management Plan of the GABMP (CW) addresses conflicts that may arise over the use of this commons by this actor group in the GABMP (CW). The Director will monitor and assess whether commercial fishing is having a negative impact on the Park's conservation values and can make a determination to control fishing gear and fishing practices. There are prescriptions in the Management Plan that allow for the Director of National Parks to undertake enforcement actions under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act and enforcement operations are assisted by Customs, Coastwatch and the Australian Defence Force. |
|---|
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Missing | |
|---|
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Missing | |
|---|
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Yes | If conflicts were to arise, the industry has many consultative forums through which they could potentially resolve them (e.g, SouthMAC, SARAG, CCF), further, they could utilize the national legislative process. However, evidence of their use and effectiveness is not available. |
|---|
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Yes | If conflicts were to arise, the industry has many consultative forums through which they could potentially resolve them (e.g, SouthMAC, SARAG, CCF), further, they could utilize the national legislative process. However, evidence of their use and effectiveness is not available. |
|---|
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Yes | There are currenlty no bycatch limits on sealions so unlikely to be conflict over this commons. But in general ther are processes for dealing with conflict - the management plan allows the Director of National Parks to undertake enforcement actions under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act and enforcement operations are assisted by Customs, Coastwatch and the Australian Defence Force |
|---|
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Yes | Although I have not found literature which specifically describes conflict resolution mechanisms, it is likely that these exist. The tourism association AECO has a formal structure. Each Annual General Meeting may provide the opportunity to bring up, discuss, and vote on issues. |
|---|
| Community D (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community D | Missing | |
|---|
| Community E (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community E | Missing | |
|---|
| Community G (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community G | Missing | |
|---|
| Community H (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community H | Missing | |
|---|
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Not Applicable | |
|---|
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Not Applicable | |
|---|
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Yes | There are official courts. |
|---|
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | Yes | Villages each have a chief that have the power to address conflicts. |
|---|
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | Yes | Villages each have a chief that have the power to address conflicts. |
|---|
| Falkland Islands squid | Governance | Patagonian Squid Trawlers | Yes | Companies can petition if they feel unjustly dealt with. Formal processes exist but are rarely used. |
|---|
| New Zealand squid | Governance | New Zealand Arrow Squid Fishers | Yes | Defended and Non-defended hearing options available (MPI 2012). All decisions are reported back to stakeholders. Any disagreements can go to court. In 2002 the fishery was closed and the fishing industry took the minister to Court. Overturned. This has happened the following year (FAP 2016). Take them to high court (national court, local court doesn't have power to overturn Ministry of Fisheries). |
|---|
| California squid | Governance | California market squid fishermen | Yes | CWPA protects fishers and engages in conflicts. Can take conflicts to state court. Can also address issues through official stakeholder engagement processes. |
|---|
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | No | |
|---|
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | | |
|---|
| Caete-Teperacu Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Braganca, Brazil | Governance | Association of Users in the Caete-Teperacu RESEX (ASSUREMACATA) in Brazil | Yes | |
|---|
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | SCUBA diving businesses on Gili Trawangan | No | If so, all informal |
|---|
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Gili Indah Dive Association (GIDA) | Yes | |
|---|
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Isla Caballo AMPR Costa Rica | No | |
|---|
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Palito-Montero AMPR Costa Rica | No | |
|---|
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Paquera-Tambor AMPR Costa Rica | Missing | |
|---|
