| Variable Type | Ordinal |
|---|---|
| Variable Component Type | Actor |
| Variable Kind | Interaction |
| Theme | Enforcement (learn about themes) |
| Projects | SESMAD |
| Question | How high is the level of participation of this actor group or their representatives in environmental monitoring? |
| Select Options | 1 Low, 2 Medium, 3 High |
| Unit | |
| Role | CommonsUser |
| Importance | Environmental monitoring is an important component of commons governance because it allows actors to (periodically) assess the conditions of the commons. Without appropriate environmental monitoring, commons could be degraded either by environmental or by social forces. As with other aspects of participation, engagement of actors in monitoring activities is an important aspect of durable institutional arrangements (McCay et al. 2014). |
| Definition | This variable describes the level of participation this actor group or their representatives has in the environmental monitoring of the commons. High: The actor group is in charge of managing the resource with or without the support of the lead management agency. Medium: The lead management agency consults the actor group during the decision-making process. Low: The lead management agency informs the actor group of their decisions. None: The lead management agency does not seek input from the actor group. |
| Sectors |
Theory Usages
| Theory | Value Used |
|---|
Associated Studies
| Study Citation |
|---|
Case Usages
| Case | Interaction Type | Component | Value Used | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Not Applicable | |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | High (3) | Have to keep logbooks, but don't monitor the state of the resource directly |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Artisan Fishermen | Medium (2) | Fishermen conduct monitoring with CDF and Parks Service |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Tourism Sector | Medium (2) | Tourism not directly involved in environmental monitoring, but tourism representative on the Participatory Management Board so coded as medium |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Low (1) | The Bajau are not involved in monitoring |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Low (1) | The Bajau are not involved in monitoring |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Low (1) | Bajau not involved in monitoring |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Sanctuary Recreational Users | Medium (2) | Recreational users often report sightings and contribute to long term monitoring studies. |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | High (3) | Environmental monitoring is heavily conducted by academic researchers, through TOPP, research cruises, and satellite information. |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Low (1) | Monitoring mainly by NGOs, but some support from local community members |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Tourism | Not Applicable | |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Low (1) | Monitoring mainly by NGOs, but some support from local community members |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Low (1) | Monitoring mainly by NGOs, but some support from local community members |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Low (1) | No monitoring conducted. Although tourism operators may record polar bear sightings, these sightings are not part of the formal monitoring process. |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Groundfish Fishermen | Low (1) | Quotas are a passive form of environmental monitoring. All vessels have a monitor observing their activities, and fishermen have to support this monitor. |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Low (1) | Do not monitor |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Medium (2) | Commerical fishers have to keep log books, including interactions with protected species, but they don't monitor the state of the resource directly |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Shrimp Fishers | Low (1) | |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Medium (2) | Commerical fishers have to keep log books, including interactions with protected species, but they don't monitor the state of the resource directly |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | ||
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Low (1) | The toothfish fishers are not directly involved in monitoring the conditions of light mantled albatross. |
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Low (1) | The toothfish fishers are not directly involved in monitoring the conditions of light mantled albatross. |
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Medium (2) | The fishing industry participates in a variety of monitoring activities, including a fisheries observer programs (bringing two onboard observers), a tag-recapture program, and annual trawl surveys. |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Commerical fishers have to keep log books, including interactions with protected species, but they don't monitor the state of the resource directly | |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Low (1) | No formal monitoring - but ships record species for trip log purposes, and these logs are used for research and management of the areas http://www.aeco.no/guidelines/operational-guidelines/ |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Low (1) | Fishers can be involved in fisheries and ecological monitoring which is important for understanding the health of corals as well as fish in the marine park. |
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Medium (2) | Based on some of the CORALINA reports, some of the environmental monitors are fishers |
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | High (3) | SAME AS 'ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING' VARIABLE |
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | Low (1) | No monitoring by local communities |
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | Low (1) | No monitoring by local communities |
| Falkland Islands squid | Governance | Patagonian Squid Trawlers | Medium (2) | Fishermen are consulted with by management body. |
| New Zealand squid | Governance | New Zealand Arrow Squid Fishers | High (3) | MPI consults with fishing groups. DWG runs their own monitoring program for sea lions and sea birds. |
| California squid | Governance | California market squid fishermen | Medium (2) | The lead management agency consults the actor group during the decision-making process. Monitoring is primarily fishery dependent. |
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | Not Applicable | |
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | ||
| Caete-Teperacu Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Braganca, Brazil | Governance | Association of Users in the Caete-Teperacu RESEX (ASSUREMACATA) in Brazil | Low (1) | |
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | SCUBA diving businesses on Gili Trawangan | Not Applicable | |
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Gili Indah Dive Association (GIDA) | Not Applicable | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Isla Caballo AMPR Costa Rica | Low (1) | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Palito-Montero AMPR Costa Rica | Low (1) | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Paquera-Tambor AMPR Costa Rica | Low (1) | |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | High (3) | The research community is heavily involved in the monitoring of the rocky intertidal and has been for a long time. Long term projects include Long-term Monitoring Program and Experiential Training for Students (LiMPETS), The Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO), and the Point Pinos and the Duxbury Reef Restoration Program which assess visitor use. |
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Medium (2) | The 2 operators, along with the AFMA and other parties are involved in tag-recapture programs to assess the sustainability of stocks. |