| Variable Type | Ordinal |
|---|---|
| Variable Component Type | Actor |
| Variable Kind | Interaction |
| Theme | Institutions (learn about themes) |
| Projects | SESMAD |
| Question | How secure are the rights that this commons user group has with respect to this environmental commons? |
| Select Options | 1 Low, 2 Medium, 3 High |
| Unit | |
| Role | CommonsUser |
| Importance | Property security is sometimes mentioned in the theory of the tragedy of the commons, insofar as the absence of such security is predicted to lead to resource degradation. Inversely, the presence of property right security, most often as security of land tenure, is argued to be an important enabling condition to positive social and ecological outcomes in developing-world contexts (e.g. see http://usaidlandtenure.net/). |
| Definition | Property right security refers to how clearly defined the rights of a commons using actor group are, and the extent to which these rights are respected by any other actors that might threaten the stream of benefits that are produced by those rights. High : High property security means that there is a strong common understanding of what aspects of a commons are owned, and that the rules associated with these rights are complied with. Low: Low property security means that there is either a very poor common understanding of what aspects of a commons are owned, or that despite this understanding, the rules associated with these rights are not complied with. |
| Sectors |
Theory Usages
| Theory | Value Used |
|---|---|
| The tragedy of the open-access commons | Low |
| Private property rights and conservation | High |
| Payment for ecosystem services (PES) | High |
Associated Studies
| Study Citation |
|---|
Case Usages
| Case | Interaction Type | Component | Value Used | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Not Applicable | |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Medium (2) | Regulatory changes can affect the security of fisher rights. |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Medium (2) | |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | ||
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Not Applicable | |
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | High (3) | Local marine tenure. Although this has been reported to have felt to have decreased, but no reason why given in the report (WWF 2015) |
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | ||
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Isla Caballo AMPR Costa Rica | High (3) | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Paquera-Tambor AMPR Costa Rica | Medium (2) | |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Artisan Fishermen | Low (1) | Permit required to fish. But limits for landing and size were not adhered to, hence collapse of fishery. |
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | High (3) | Their right to a fraction of quotas are secure; although quota could be set to zero. |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Tourism Sector | Medium (2) | Permits need to be renewed each year (but it is unlikely it would not be re-issued) http://www.galapagospark.org/nophprg.php?page=turismo_patentes |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Missing | |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Missing | |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Missing | |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | High (3) | Permits are clear in rights, as well as IRB standards for live-animal research. |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Sanctuary Recreational Users | High (3) | The Sanctuary and international and national laws regarding human contact with whales are clear and well enforced, and while often times encounters occur beyond enforcement visibility, it is well known what the rules regarding human interaction with whales are. |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | High (3) | Permits are clear in rights, as well as IRB standards for live-animal research. |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | High (3) | |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Tourism | ||
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | High (3) | |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | High (3) | |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | ||
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Groundfish Fishermen | High (3) | The permit and regulation system is very clear to what species, locations, depths, and gears are allowed by the fishermen. |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Not Applicable | |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Medium (2) | The permit and regulation system is very clear to what species, locations, depths, and gears are allowed by the fishermen. Although the TAC and quota can change from year to year. |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Shrimp Fishers | High (3) | Multinational fishery |
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Medium (2) | It is possible that if light mantled albatross become increasingly threatened that more stringent bycatch limits could be imposed. For some species the Macquarie Island fishery would be closed if a single bird is caught in bycatch. |
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Medium (2) | |
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | High (3) | Their right to a fraction of quotas are secure; although quota could be set to zero. |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Not Applicable | |
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Not Applicable | |
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | High (3) | They are currently codified in the law that only artisanal fishers have access to this commons. |
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | High (3) | Local marine tenure. Although this has been reported to have felt to have decreased, but no reason why given in the report (WWF 2015) |
| Falkland Islands squid | Governance | Patagonian Squid Trawlers | High (3) | It is very clear to users who is a user, how much quota they are allowed to catch, and there are mechanisms to discuss disputes if any arise. The Director of Fisheries however can remove a company from the eligibility register who then therefore is forced to sell its rights to more profitable companies. |
| New Zealand squid | Governance | New Zealand Arrow Squid Fishers | High (3) | Very secure, as this certainty was one of the primary reasons and outcomes of the QMS. |
| California squid | Governance | California market squid fishermen | High (3) | Clearly understood what is accessible and what is not (and where). |
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | Low (1) | |
| Caete-Teperacu Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Braganca, Brazil | Governance | Association of Users in the Caete-Teperacu RESEX (ASSUREMACATA) in Brazil | High (3) | |
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | SCUBA diving businesses on Gili Trawangan | ||
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Gili Indah Dive Association (GIDA) | Missing | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Palito-Montero AMPR Costa Rica | Medium (2) |