| Variable Type | Ordinal |
|---|---|
| Variable Component Type | Actor |
| Variable Kind | Component |
| Theme | Social capital (learn about themes) |
| Projects | SESMAD |
| Question | How frequently do the actors within this group, or individual representatives, communicate remotely? |
| Select Options | 1 Never, 2 Less than once every 2 years, 3 Once every 2 years, 4 Once a year, 5 More than once a year |
| Unit | |
| Role | |
| Importance | Empirical and experimental research has shown that communication among actors can influence how effective rule-making for collective action is within a group (Poteete and Ostrom 2010). This variable records the frequency of indirect or remote communication within actor groups. It complements the variable ActorPersonalCommunication. Communication as a way of sharing conceptual and practical information and ideas underpins collaboration and co-operation. Both type and frequency of communication are expected to be important. |
| Definition | This variable records the frequency of non face-to-face communication within actor groups (e.g., emails, telephone calls). |
| Sectors |
Theory Usages
| Theory | Value Used |
|---|
Component Usages
| Component | Value Used | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| "New Order" Indonesian Central Government (1965-1998) | More than once a year (5) | Although not all members of this group communicated on a frequent basis with each other, some subgroups communicated with each other very frequently (on a daily basis). Although we have no direct evidence of this, given the period, we assume that much of this communication took place by telephone, remotely. |
| Large Extractive Industries in Indonesia | Does this refer to inter or intra group? | |
| "Reformasi" Indonesian Central Government (1998-2012) | More than once a year (5) | Different components of the government are in frequent (daily) communication. While we don't have direct evidence, we assume that at least some of this communication occurs remotely (i.e. through email or telephone). |
| Indonesian Local entrepreneurs | ? Some members of this group communicate with each other, but it isn't clear to me how to fill out this variable, since the group as a whole doesn't communicate at any time. | |
| Ozone Nation States | Missing in case | |
| Ozone Depleting Substance Industrial Producers | More than once a year (5) | |
| Ozone Secretariat | More than once a year (5) | |
| ICPR nations (1976-1986) | ||
| Galapagos Artisan Fishermen | More than once a year (5) | Assume some remote communcation occurs |
| Civil society organizations in Indonesia | ? | |
| ICCAT Contracting Parties | More than once a year (5) | |
| ICCAT Western Members | ||
| ICCAT Eastern Members | ICCAT contracting parties meet regularly, but there are no separate meetings, or evidence thereof for ICCAT Eastern Members. | |
| Wetfish Fishermen | ||
| GBR fisheries managers | More than once a year (5) | Frequent communication over agency policies and management through email, phone, etc., |
| GBR commercial fishers | More than once a year (5) | |
| Indonesian "Adat" Communities | More than once a year (5) | Within groups, communication is frequent; between groups it is less frequent though also regular through social movements and organizations like AMAN. |
| ICPR nations (1986-2000) | ||
| Rhine chemical firms | ||
| Rhine agricultural sector | ||
| GBR government co-managers | More than once a year (5) | |
| GBR recreational fishers | More than once a year (5) | |
| Indonesian District Governments | Does this refer to inter or intra group. Within districts, individuals communicate very frequently (far more than once per year), and some of this communication happens remotely, but between districts, they do not communicate. | |
| National Marine Sanctuaries Office of NOAA | More than once a year (5) | Members of the NOAA office communicate remotely frequently. |
| Raja Ampat Tourism | More than once a year (5) | |
| Australian Toothfish Fishers | More than once a year (5) | In coordinating through various forums (e.g., see above, SARAG, SouthMAC, CCAMLR, COLTO) as well as MSC certification. |
| NWHI Monument Co-Trusteeship | More than once a year (5) | Assumed because government agencies |
| Riparian Nations (1976-1986) | ||
| Wakatobi managers | More than once a year (5) | Assumed |
| Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Never (1) | Bajau live on settlements on the sea, limited infrastructure. Remote communication difficult (and less important than personal communication in this case) |
| Raja Ampat Managers | More than once a year (5) | |
| Australian Antarctic Division | More than once a year (5) | Via email. |
| GMR managers | More than once a year (5) | Assumed |
| NWHI Researchers | Not Applicable | |
| Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | More than once a year (5) | Personal communication likley to be more prominent |
| CORALINA | Not Applicable | |
| Macquarie Island Managers | Missing | |
| Charles Darwin Foundation | More than once a year (5) | Well-organised, international organisation |
| Galapagos Tourism Sector | More than once a year (5) | Assumed due to coordination and reporting |
| Seaflower artisanal fishers | Missing | NO DATA |
| California Sanctuary Recreational Users | Missing | Varies widely, sometimes often sometimes never |
| California Groundfish Fishermen | More than once a year (5) | Likely often. Phone calls are the most common form of remote communications. |
| California State and Federal Fisheries Agencies | More than once a year (5) | Team members typically work on a day to day basis together, and teleconference, email, and telephone communications are frequent (daily to weekly). |
| California Academic Researchers | More than once a year (5) | Communication via email, telephone, and teleconferencing occurs many times during the year. Some projects never coordinate with others, but for the most part communication occurs many times during the year. |
| Svalbard Tourism | More than once a year (5) | The AECO Guidelines (2014-2015) require operators to communicate in the pre-tourist season in order to coordinate schedules and itineraries. In addition, vessels are required to communicate with one another at sea to avoid too many boats in one area. |
| Svalbard Resource Managers | More than once a year (5) | Although precise figures are unknown, coordinating monitoring efforts for tourism and environment would require considerable communication. |
| Svalbard Shrimp Fishers | Missing | Unknown |
| Galapagos Charles Darwin Foundation | More than once a year (5) | Well-organised, international organisation |
| GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Director of National Parks | More than once a year (5) | Where appropriate, video and telephone links are used to liaise with executive and senior staff that are located in remote locations. Coordination between managers and the executive team includes regular phone link-ups. |
| Cenderwasih managers | More than once a year (5) | Assumed to be coordination through reporting to central governement and WWF annual reports |
| GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | More than once a year (5) | A membership engagement policy statement (2014) specified the need to convey information from committees to CFA membership and that the use of emails and electronic newsletters would be used as methods of communication as frequently as possible. It also stated that CFA utilizes emails and newsletters as a speedy and cost effective way of communicating to members. |
| Cenderwasih fishers | Missing | |
| Australian Fisheries Management Authority | More than once a year (5) | In coordinating through various forums (e.g., see above, SARAG, SouthMAC, CCAMLR, etc.). |
| New Zealand Fishery Managers | More than once a year (5) | Communicate daily |
| New Zealand Arrow Squid Fishers | More than once a year (5) | Communicate frequently |
| Patagonian Squid Trawlers | More than once a year (5) | Communicate frequently over radio during season |
| Falkland Islands Government (FIG) Fisheries Managers | More than once a year (5) | All know each other and email each other daily |
| California market squid fishermen | More than once a year (5) | Some daily, others frequently |
| California Department of Fish and Wildlife Market Squid Managers | More than once a year (5) | Communicate daily/weekly. |