| Variable Type | Categorical |
|---|---|
| Variable Component Type | Actor |
| Variable Kind | Interaction |
| Theme | Institutions (learn about themes) |
| Projects | SESMAD, Fiji fisheries |
| Question | Are there clear rules that are followed about who and who isn't a member of this group? |
| Select Options | No boundaries, Unclear boundaries, Clear boundaries |
| Unit | |
| Role | CommonsUser |
| Importance | As Ostrom (1990) states: "So long as the boundaries of the resource and/or the specification of individuals who can use the resource remain uncertain, no one knows what is being managed or for whom. Without defining the boundaries of the CPR and closing it to "outsiders," local appropriators face the risk that any benefits they produce by their efforts will be reaped by others who have not contributed to those efforts." |
| Definition | No boundaries indicate an entire lack of common understanding regarding group membership. Unclear boundaries indicate that some of the members of this group are aware of who is and who isn't a member, and there is some enforcement of any rules associated with membership. Clear boundaries indicate that the great majority of the members of this group are aware of who is and who isn't a member, and there is strong enforcement of any rules associated with membership." |
| Sectors |
Theory Usages
| Theory | Value Used |
|---|---|
| CBNRM design principles | Clear boundaries |
| User group boundaries | Clear boundaries |
Associated Studies
| Study Citation |
|---|
Ostrom, Elinor. 1990. Governing the Commons. New York: Cambridge University Press. |
Case Usages
| Case | Interaction Type | Component | Value Used | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Depleting Substance Industrial Producers | Clear boundaries | |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Not Applicable | |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Clear boundaries | |
| Montreal Protocol | Governance | Ozone Depleting Substance Industrial Producers | Clear boundaries | Although there are many small producers, this group is dominated by major producers such as DuPont with clear boundaries. |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Artisan Fishermen | Clear boundaries | Only those with permits and residents of the Galapagos islands are permitted to fish within the GMR. |
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Clear boundaries | Ownership of quota defines group membership. |
| Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) | Governance | Galapagos Tourism Sector | Clear boundaries | Tourism is regulated through permits and licensing |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Clear boundaries | Clear who is ethnically Bajau. |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Clear boundaries | Clear who is ethnically Bajau. |
| Wakatobi National Park | Governance | Wakatobi Bajau fishers | Clear boundaries | clear who is ethnically Bajau |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Sanctuary Recreational Users | No boundaries | There is no group membership and anyone can be considered a recreational user. |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | Unclear boundaries | There is no membership for academic researchers. SiMON provides a framework to say who is part of the research community associated with the Sanctuary, but others can be excluded from this database but still academic researchers here. |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Academic Researchers | Unclear boundaries | There is no membership for academic researchers. SiMON provides a framework to say who is part of the research community associated with the Sanctuary, but others can be excluded from this database but still academic researchers here. |
| Community A (Fiji fisheries) | Governance | Community A | Clear boundaries | |
| Community B (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community B | Clear boundaries | |
| Community C (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community C | Clear boundaries | |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Clear boundaries | Based on ethnicity |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Tourism | Clear boundaries | Since 2007 all visitors traveling in Raja Ampat have to pay an entrance fee. The entrance fee for 2015 foreign visitors is Rp 1.000.000/person/calendar year (approximately US$100) for which they will receive a waterproof plastic entrance tag featuring a photo from Raja Ampat. |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Clear boundaries | Based on traditional rights |
| Raja Ampat (National Act No. 32 2004) | Governance | Raja Ampat Artisanal Fishers | Clear boundaries | Based on ethnicity |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Clear boundaries | Permission must be sought from the Govenor. Although the boundary is open for any operator to initiate cruises to Svalbard, in practice almost all boats/operators are members of AECO. |
| Central California National Marine Sanctuaries | Governance | California Groundfish Fishermen | Unclear boundaries | With the limited entry groundfish fishery, it is clear who has a permit and who does not. However, with the open access fishery, it is less clear who partakes in this fishery. Also, it is confidential information which fishermen target exactly which fish, though friendly participants generally know this. The quota shares groups are more clear who is in which group. |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR recreational fishers | Clear boundaries | Rules are clear - anyone can be a recreational fisher |
| Community F (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community F | Clear boundaries | |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Clear boundaries | Permits and ownership of quota to SBT stocks defines membership. |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Shrimp Fishers | Clear boundaries | States that are permitted to fish for shrimp in the Svalbard zone are Canada, the EU, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, Russia and Norway. Each state has a certain number of fishing days per month. |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Clear boundaries | Ownership of quota to SBT stocks defines membership. |
| Macquarie Island Marine Park | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Clear boundaries | Ownership of quota to Macquarie Island toothfish stocks defines membership. |
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Clear boundaries | HIMI toothfish fishers all have quotas to fish, clearly defining membership/actor group boundaries. |
| Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve | Governance | Australian Toothfish Fishers | Clear boundaries | Ownership of quota defines group membership. |
| Great Australian Bight Marine Park (GABMP) (Commonwealth Waters) | Governance | GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial Fishers | Clear boundaries | Ownership of quota to SBT stocks defines membership. |
| Svalbard Nature Reserves | Governance | Svalbard Tourism | Clear boundaries | Permission must be sought from the Govenor. Although the boundary is open for any operator to initiate cruises to Svalbard, in practice almost all boats/operators are members of AECO. |
| Community D (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community D | Clear boundaries | |
| Community E (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community E | Clear boundaries | |
| Community H (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community H | Clear boundaries | |
| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park | Governance | GBR commercial fishers | Not Applicable | |
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Clear boundaries | Based on ethnic origin |
| Seaflower MPA | Governance | Seaflower artisanal fishers | Clear boundaries | Based on ethnic origin. |
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | Clear boundaries | |
| Cenderwasih National Park | Governance | Cenderwasih fishers | Clear boundaries | |
| Falkland Islands squid | Governance | Patagonian Squid Trawlers | Clear boundaries | ITQ and licenses are very clear . |
| New Zealand squid | Governance | New Zealand Arrow Squid Fishers | Clear boundaries | QMS very strict rules for who has how much quota. Quota must be owned by New Zealand company. Vessels must be New Zealand flagged. |
| California squid | Governance | California market squid fishermen | Clear boundaries | Licenses are clear. Crew are less clear. |
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | Clear boundaries | |
| Pond aquaculture on Lombok, Indonesia | Governance | Lombok aquaculture farmers | ||
| Caete-Teperacu Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Braganca, Brazil | Governance | Association of Users in the Caete-Teperacu RESEX (ASSUREMACATA) in Brazil | Clear boundaries | |
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | SCUBA diving businesses on Gili Trawangan | No boundaries | |
| Gili Trawangan Coastal Tourism | Governance | Gili Indah Dive Association (GIDA) | Clear boundaries | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Isla Caballo AMPR Costa Rica | Clear boundaries | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Palito-Montero AMPR Costa Rica | Clear boundaries | |
| Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica fisheries governance | Governance | Paquera-Tambor AMPR Costa Rica | Clear boundaries | |
| Community G (Fiji Fisheries) | Governance | Community G | Clear boundaries |