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Social-Ecological Systems Meta-Analysis Database: Variables

Variable TypeOrdinal
Variable Component TypeActor
Variable KindComponent
ThemeSocial capital (learn about themes)
ProjectsSESMAD
QuestionHow frequently do the actors within this group, or individual representatives, communicate in person?
Select Options1 Never, 2 Less than once every 2 years, 3 Once every 2 years, 4 Once a year, 5 More than once a year
Unit
Role
ImportanceEmpirical and experimental research has shown that communication among actors can influence how effective rule-making for collective action is within a group (Poteete and Ostrom 2010). Communication as a way of sharing conceptual and practical information and ideas underpins collaboration and co-operation. Both type and frequency of communication are expected to be important. It complements the variable ActorRemoteCommunication.
Definition

This variable records the frequency of face-to-face communication within actor groups (e.g., in-person meetings, virtual meetings such as video conferencing).

Sectors

Theory Usages

TheoryValue Used
Communication and collective actionFrequent (e.g. More than once a year)
Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM)Frequent (e.g. More than once a year)

Associated Studies

Study Citation

Component Usages

ComponentValue UsedExplanation
Galapagos Artisan FishermenMore than once a year (5)No specific information on the frequency of meetings was found. However, regular meetings do occur for each cooperative, and General Assemblies summoned when significant decisions must be made at which the members of the cooperative are obligated to attend.
"New Order" Indonesian Central Government (1965-1998)More than once a year (5)Although not all members of this group communicated on a frequent basis with each other, some subgroups communicated with each other very frequently (on a daily basis).
Indonesian "Adat" CommunitiesMore than once a year (5)Within groups, communication is frequent, between groups it is less frequent though also regular through social movements and organizations like AMAN.
Large Extractive Industries in Indonesia Does this refer to inter or intra group?
Indonesian District Governments Does this refer to inter or intra group. Within districts, individuals communicate very frequently (far more than once per year) but between districts, they do not communicate.
"Reformasi" Indonesian Central Government (1998-2012)More than once a year (5)Different components of the government are in frequent (daily) communication. While we don't have direct evidence, we assume that at least some of this communication occurs in person (i.e. in govt. office buildings).
Indonesian Local entrepreneurs ? Some members of this group communicate with each other, but it isn't clear to me how to fill out this variable, since the group as a whole doesn't communicate at any time.
Civil society organizations in Indonesia ?
ICCAT Contracting Parties More than once a year (5)
ICCAT Western Members ICCAT contracting parties meet regularly, but there are no separate meetings for ICCAT Western Members.
ICCAT Eastern Members ICCAT contracting parties meet regularly, but there are no separate meetings for ICCAT Eastern Members.
Ozone Nation States Once a year (4)
ICPR nations (1976-1986)Less than once every 2 years (2)This answer applies strictly to the ICPR formal meetings; however, representatives communicate more than once per year in the European Union-related venues
GBR government co-managersMore than once a year (5)
GBR recreational fishersMore than once a year (5)
Wetfish Fishermen 
Australian Toothfish FishersMore than once a year (5)Industry representatives meet multiples times a year through a variety of forums including SARAG (the Subantarctic Resource Assessment Group, which meets multiple times a year), SouthMAC (the Subantarctic Fisheries Management Advisory Committee, which meets at least once a year), CCAMLR meetings, COLTO meetings.
Wakatobi Bajau fishersMore than once a year (5)The Bajau have high communication and cohesion as a group.
NWHI Monument Co-Trusteeship More than once a year (5)Assumed because government agencies
Wakatobi managersMore than once a year (5)Hold meetings more than once a year
Australian Antarctic DivisionMore than once a year (5)More than 300 individuals work for the AAD, but they all work in close proximity, with many in the same office.
Riparian Nations (1976-1986) 
NWHI ResearchersNot Applicable
California Sanctuary Recreational UsersMissingVaries widely, sometimes often sometimes never
California Groundfish FishermenMore than once a year (5)Fishermen discuss frequently at landing sites and markets. Also, association meetings provide a forum for in person communication.
California State and Federal Fisheries AgenciesMore than once a year (5)Team members typically work on a day to day basis together, and there are multiple meetings throughout the year bringing the two agencies together.
Raja Ampat ManagersMore than once a year (5)
Macquarie Island ManagersMissing
Svalbard Resource ManagersMore than once a year (5)Although precise figures are unknown, coordinating monitoring efforts for tourism and environment would require considerable communication.
Svalbard TourismMore than once a year (5)Members are all invited to participate in the Annual General Meeting (AGM). Members who are part of committees also have an AGM, and may meet more frequently.
Seaflower artisanal fishersMore than once a year (5)Most likely they depend on interpersonal communication for a variety of reasons: fishing spots, safety, regulation. Also some of them should live in close proximity or fish from same ports/areas. However, artisanal fishers come from 3 different islands and I am not sure what is the level of communication among those subgroups.
Svalbard Shrimp FishersMissingUnknown
Galapagos Charles Darwin FoundationMore than once a year (5)Well-organised, international organisation
GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Director of National Parks More than once a year (5)The executive team, which includes the Director and the 4 senior executives, and senior staff meet regularly to address strategic directions and current issues. Marine Division staff also participate in regular meetings, advising the Director on Commonwealth marine reserve issues.
GABMP (Commonwealth Waters) Commercial FishersMore than once a year (5)Stated in the CFA modus operandi, the association meets regularly with internal (voting members, associate members, ordinary members, staff and board) and external constituents (government agencies, environmental groups, industry (e.g. oil and gas)).
Cenderwasih managersMore than once a year (5)Assumed to be coordination through reporting to central governement and WWF annual reports
Falkland Islands Government (FIG) Fisheries ManagersMore than once a year (5)All know each other, work in the same building in the same wing, and talk daily
Patagonian Squid TrawlersMore than once a year (5)Communicate frequently, families and neighbors
New Zealand Fishery ManagersMore than once a year (5)Communicate daily
New Zealand Arrow Squid FishersMore than once a year (5)Communicate frequently
California market squid fishermenMore than once a year (5)Some daily, others frequently
California Department of Fish and Wildlife Market Squid ManagersMore than once a year (5)Work in same office, frequent meetings
Brazilian Institute of the Environment & Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA)Missing
Secretary of State for the Environment of ParĂ¡ (SEMA) in BrazilMissing
Association of Users in the Caete-Teperacu RESEX (ASSUREMACATA) in BrazilLess than once every 2 years (2)Low communication
Indonesian Institute of Sciences - LIPINot Applicable
SCUBA diving businesses on Gili TrawanganMore than once a year (5)Almost daily communication
Gili Indah Dive Association (GIDA)More than once a year (5)Meetings twice a month
Gili EcoTrust on Gili TrawanganMore than once a year (5)
Palito-Montero AMPR Costa RicaMore than once a year (5)
Isla Caballo AMPR Costa RicaMore than once a year (5)
Paquera-Tambor AMPR Costa RicaMore than once a year (5)
Misool Eco Resort 
Ozone Depleting Substance Industrial ProducersMore than once a year (5)
Ozone SecretariatMore than once a year (5)
ICPR nations (1986-2000)Less than once every 2 years (2)See "ICPR Nations (1987-1986)"
Rhine chemical firms 
Rhine agricultural sector 
GBR fisheries managersMore than once a year (5)Frequent communication over agency policies and management through meetings and workshops.
GBR commercial fishersMore than once a year (5)In meetings and workshops organised by the QSIA or government. And at landing sites and markets.
National Marine Sanctuaries Office of NOAAMore than once a year (5)Members of the NOAA office meet regularly.
Raja Ampat TourismMore than once a year (5)
GMR managersMore than once a year (5)Assumed
Charles Darwin FoundationMore than once a year (5)Well-organised, international organisation
Galapagos Tourism SectorMore than once a year (5)Assumed due to coordination and reporting
Raja Ampat Artisanal FishersMore than once a year (5)
CORALINAMore than once a year (5)All of them work for the same entity in the same location.
California Academic ResearchersMore than once a year (5)Many researchers meet regularly in person about projects or while collecting data for projects. Conferences and workshops provide in person communication opportunities as well.
Australian Fisheries Management AuthorityMore than once a year (5)AFMA representatives meet multiples times a year through a variety of forums including SARAG (the Subantarctic Resource Assessment Group, which meets multiple times a year), SouthMAC (the Subantarctic Fisheries Management Advisory Committee, which meets at least once a year), and in and around CCAMLR meetings.
Cenderwasih fishersMore than once a year (5)
Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio)Missing
Lombok aquaculture farmersMore than once a year (5)