Summary | Fisheries governance in the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica |
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Status | public |
Team | Stefan's team |
Start Date | 2019-06-07 |
Coding Complete? | Yes |
Date Completed | 2019-06-07 |
Sector | Fisheries (Stock-specific), Marine protected areas |
Project | SESMAD |
Data Source(s) | Primary data, Secondary data |
Country | Costa Rica |
External Biophysical | |
External Social | |
Snapshots | |
Timeline | |
Modeling Issues | |
Surveys | |
Theories |
Visualization
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Attached Components
Actors
- Name:
- Palito-Montero AMPR Costa Rica
- Past collaboration:
- High (3)
- Costs of exit:
- Yes
- Proportionality (of costs and benefits):
- Interest heterogeneity:
- Low (1)
- Leadership:
- ["", "Formal leader"]
- Leadership authority:
- Low (1)
- Actor group trust:
- Low (1)
- Personal communication:
- More than once a year (5)
- Remote communication:
- More than once a year (5)
- Leadership accountability:
- Low (1)
- Actor group coordination:
- Both formal and informal
- Name:
- Isla Caballo AMPR Costa Rica
- Past collaboration:
- Low (1)
- Costs of exit:
- Missing
- Proportionality (of costs and benefits):
- Missing
- Interest heterogeneity:
- High (3)
- Leadership:
- ["", "Formal leader"]
- Leadership authority:
- Low (1)
- Actor group trust:
- Low (1)
- Personal communication:
- More than once a year (5)
- Remote communication:
- More than once a year (5)
- Leadership accountability:
- Low (1)
- Actor group coordination:
- Both formal and informal
- Name:
- Paquera-Tambor AMPR Costa Rica
- Past collaboration:
- Medium (2)
- Costs of exit:
- Missing
- Proportionality (of costs and benefits):
- Missing
- Interest heterogeneity:
- Medium (2)
- Leadership:
- ["", "Formal leader"]
- Leadership authority:
- High (3)
- Actor group trust:
- Medium (2)
- Personal communication:
- More than once a year (5)
- Remote communication:
- More than once a year (5)
- Leadership accountability:
- High (3)
- Actor group coordination:
- Both formal and informal
Governance Systems
- Name:
- Marine Areas for Responsible Fishing (AMPRs) Costa Rica
- Type of formal governance:
- Management plan
- End Date:
- Begin date:
- 2009
- First AMPR in 2009
- Governance trigger:
- slow continuous change
- To include small-scale fisheries into national marine and coastal development processes
- Governance system description:
- Community-based co-management policy framework for small-scale fisheries
- In Costa Rica, Marine Areas of Responsible Fishing (AMPRs) have been established as a community-based co-management model for SSF governance (Fargier et al. 2014; García Lozano and Heinen 2016a). The AMPR model was proposed and implemented by the Costa Rican National Institute of Fishing and Aquaculture (INCOPESCA), a Costa Rican government organization. The AMPR model reflects Costa Rica’s commitment to the implementation of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines (FAO 2015a,b; Jentoft et al. 2017) and the code of Conduct for responsible fisheries (FAO 1995). In addition, a national decree1 has approved the ‘National Plan for the Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture’, which commits to implementing the codes of conduct from the FAO, implement and follow more AMPRs, along with other goals. Recently, resources have been assigned to INCOPESCA in the National Development Plan for 2015–2018 for the creation of more Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and AMPRs, to promote the participation of local communities and facilitate sustainable use (MIDEPLAN 2014). Sánchez (2018) has reported on achievements between 2014 and 2018 regarding more participation of local fishing communities and the support of government and non-governmental organizations in financing and/or capacity building, developing aquaculture projects, facilitating access to markets, and net- work promotion between the AMPRs.
- Governance scale:
- State-based policy
- Centralization:
- Somewhat decentralized (2)
- Metric diversity:
- Medium: Few metrics for success (2)
- MPA primary goal (in practice):
- ["", "Fisheries improvement", "Social goals"]
- Community empowerment and inclusion in fisheries management, stabilize fish stocks. Development of alternative livelihoods such as aquaculture and tourism beyond fishing.
- MPA motivation:
- ["", "Other"]
- MPA protection:
- ["", "Reducing threats", "Other"]
- MPA internal natural boundaries:
- Low (1)
- Distance to markets:
- Between 10-100km (2)
- MPA budget:
- Missing
- PA IUCN strict zones:
- Missing
- MPA connectivity:
- Missing
- PA CAR principles:
- Partially (2)
- MPA migratory benefit:
- Missing
- MPA migratory life history:
- Missing
- MPA threats to migratory sp:
- Missing
- MPA migratory threats and redux:
- Missing
- Social-ecological fit:
- Low (1)
- Governance knowledge use:
- ["", "Scientific knowledge", "Local/traditional knowledge"]
- MPA IUCN somewhat strict zones:
- Missing
- MPA IUCN sustainable zones :
- Missing
- MPA threats:
- Overfishing. Pollution.
- Governance system spatial extent:
- 1550 whole Gulf of Nicoya
- 7 different AMPRs in the Gulf of Nicoya, all of which are much smaller areas.
- Horizontal coordination:
- Both formal and informal
Environmental Commons
- Name:
- Gulf of Nicoya fisheries
- Productivity:
- Very productive (3)
- Commons spatial extent:
- 1550
- Environmental medium:
- Oceanic
- Commons heterogeneity:
- High (3)
- Intra annual predictability:
- Missing
- Inter annual predictability:
- Missing
- Technical substitute:
- No
- Commons boundaries:
- Clear boundaries (3)
- Commons renewability:
- Renewable (1)
- Commons accessibility:
- Very accessible (3)
- Internal Ecological Connectivity:
- Missing
- External Ecological Connectivity:
- Missing
Component Interactions
Governance Interaction
Fishing in AMPRs
- Governs:
- Marine Areas for Responsible Fishing (AMPRs) Costa Rica (Governance System)
- Commons User:
- Paquera-Tambor AMPR Costa Rica (Actor)
- Commons User:
- Isla Caballo AMPR Costa Rica (Actor)
- Commons User:
- Palito-Montero AMPR Costa Rica (Actor)
- Primary:
- Gulf of Nicoya fisheries (Environmental Common)