| Summary | Co-management policy framework for community-based small-scale fisheries management in Costa Rica |
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| Project | SESMAD |
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| Subtype | Formal Governance System |
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| Sector | Fisheries (Stock-specific), Marine protected areas |
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| Begin Date | 2009 |
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| Explanation | First AMPR in 2009 |
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| End Date | |
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| Explanation | |
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| Governance Scale | State-based policy |
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| Explanation | |
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| Governance System Description | Community-based co-management policy framework for small-scale fisheries |
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| Explanation | In Costa Rica, Marine Areas of Responsible Fishing (AMPRs) have been established as a community-based co-management model for SSF governance (Fargier et al. 2014; García Lozano and Heinen 2016a). The AMPR model was proposed and implemented by the Costa Rican National Institute of Fishing and Aquaculture (INCOPESCA), a Costa Rican government organization. The AMPR model reflects Costa Rica’s commitment to the implementation of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines (FAO 2015a,b; Jentoft et al. 2017) and the code of Conduct for responsible fisheries (FAO 1995). In addition, a national decree1
has approved
the ‘National Plan for the Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture’, which commits to implementing the codes of conduct from the FAO, implement and follow more AMPRs, along with other goals. Recently, resources have been assigned to INCOPESCA in the National Development Plan for 2015–2018 for the creation of more Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and AMPRs, to promote the participation of local communities and facilitate sustainable use (MIDEPLAN 2014). Sánchez (2018) has reported on achievements between 2014 and 2018 regarding more participation of local fishing communities and the support of government and non-governmental organizations in financing and/or capacity building, developing aquaculture projects, facilitating access to markets, and net- work promotion between the AMPRs. |
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| Governance Trigger | slow continuous change |
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| Explanation | To include small-scale fisheries into national marine and coastal development processes |
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| Type Of Formal Governance | Management plan |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Internal Natural Boundaries | Low (1) |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Migratory Life History | Missing |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Threats To Migratory Sp | Missing |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Threats | Overfishing. Pollution. |
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| Explanation | |
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| Governance Knowledge Use | ["", "Scientific knowledge", "Local/traditional knowledge"] |
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| Explanation | |
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| Pa Car Principles | Partially (2) |
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| Explanation | |
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| Centralization | Somewhat decentralized (2) |
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| Explanation | |
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| Distance To Markets | Between 10-100km (2) |
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| Explanation | |
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| Horizontal Coordination | Both formal and informal |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Iucn Somewhat Strict Zones | Missing |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Iucn Sustainable Zones | Missing |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Budget | Missing |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Connectivity | Missing |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Migratory Threats And Redux | Missing |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Motivation | ["", "Other"] |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Primary Goal (In Practice) | ["", "Fisheries improvement", "Social goals"] |
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| Explanation | Community empowerment and inclusion in fisheries management, stabilize fish stocks. Development of alternative livelihoods such as aquaculture and tourism beyond fishing. |
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| Mpa Protection | ["", "Reducing threats", "Other"] |
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| Explanation | |
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| Metric Diversity | Medium: Few metrics for success (2) |
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| Explanation | |
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| Pa Iucn Strict Zones | Missing |
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| Explanation | |
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| Social Ecological Fit | Low (1) |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Migratory Benefit | Missing |
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| Explanation | |
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| Governance System Spatial Extent | 1550 whole Gulf of Nicoya |
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| Explanation | 7 different AMPRs in the Gulf of Nicoya, all of which are much smaller areas. |
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