| Summary | Cendrawasih is gazetted as a nationally protected area under the Park Authority of the Ministry of Forestry (National Act No. 5 1990), it is owned and managed by the national government for the traditional use of communities and biodiversity conservation. In 2002, following a special autonomy law granted for Papua the right to resource management moved from national to local responsibility. The park's area almost entirely overlaps with the area administered under the district of Wondama and a large part of the district of Nabire of West Papua Province. |
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| Project | SESMAD |
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| Subtype | Formal Governance System |
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| Sector | Marine protected areas |
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| Begin Date | 2002 |
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| Explanation | When the park was officially designated. |
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| End Date | current |
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| Explanation | |
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| Governance Scale | State-based policy |
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| Explanation | |
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| Governance System Description | |
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| Explanation | |
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| Governance Trigger | |
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| Explanation | Central Indonesian governement |
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| Type Of Formal Governance | System of laws |
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| Explanation | Coded as a system of laws from 2002 when the Park was formally designated (National Act No. 5 1990 (Ministry of Forestry)). A management plan came into effect in 2010-2029 |
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| Mpa Internal Natural Boundaries | Low (1) |
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| Explanation | There is no clear deliniation of boundaries- the MPA covers half of a large bay.
No-take areas are fairly small but focus on reefs and islands, and so are probably likely visable
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| Mpa Migratory Life History | Nesting beaches for Green Turtle |
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| Explanation | Nesting habitat for the green and hawksbill turtle, and feeding area for leatherback and olive ridley turtle (Mangubhai, Erdmann et al. 2012) |
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| Mpa Threats To Migratory Sp | ["Resource competition", "Bycatch", "Habitat destruction"] |
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| Explanation | Major Threats to Cendrawasih turtles: predation (wild pigs, dogs, lizards), low hatching success, surrounding land use changes like mining and/or logging, lack of legal protection, overfishing, and reef damage.
Climate change potential (Natural Capital Project)
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| Mpa Threats | Overfishing and destructuve fishing; land-based activities |
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| Explanation | Major Threats to Cendrawasih: reef/coral damage, overfishing, potential coastal development, boundary shuffling, recent political autonomy, weak fisheries policy & scientific knowledge.
Threats to the Bird's Head area: Over fishing, destructive fishing
Land-based activities: Illegal logging, (Il)legal mining; Oil and Gas exploration, exploitation; Poorly planned development; Transmigration from other provinces |
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| Governance Knowledge Use | Not Applicable |
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| Explanation | |
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| Pa Car Principles | Partially (2) |
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| Explanation | 50% of critical habitats (mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass beds, where nesting, fish spawning sites) designed to be the no take zone |
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| Centralization | Somewhat decentralized (2) |
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| Explanation | Policy in Indonesia shifted to be more decentralized (in 1999). In 2002, following a special autonomy law granted for Papua the right to resource management moved from national to local responsibility.
In reality the park seems fairly centralised, with data and reports at central government level (from discussions with WWF) |
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| Distance To Markets | Between 10-100km (2) |
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| Explanation | Manokwari - capital of West Papua Province ~95km |
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| Horizontal Coordination | |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Iucn Somewhat Strict Zones | % |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Iucn Sustainable Zones | 92.9 % |
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| Explanation | traditional use (3875km2) and general use zones (9000km2)
Total adds up to >than park area, so percentages taken of this area total = 13975
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| Mpa Budget | 867245 $US |
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| Explanation | Management budget for 2006: 8097531154 Rupiah, converted using 2006 exchange rate = US$ 867,245.
http://www.dephut.go.id/Halaman/PDF/BTCNTC/BTNTC_2006.pdf
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| Mpa Connectivity | Partially (2) |
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| Explanation | The MPA is a large continuous shape, and it covers approximately half of the entire Bay area. The Bay is known to have limited connectivity outside of this region which has lead to the high number of endemics within the Bay.
Teluk Cenderwasih also inlcudes the neighbouring land and so there is some connectivity between habitats and land-sea - I odn't think these were explicitly considered during the design of the MPA. |
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| Mpa Migratory Threats And Redux | |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Motivation | ["Ecological value"] |
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| Explanation | High ecological value - although it's true value (number of endemic species) wasn't fully realised to after designation. |
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| Mpa Primary Goal (In Practice) | [] |
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| Explanation | NP Mission:
•Strengthen the management of the region to ensure the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems
•Strengthen protection, law enforcement and rehabilitation efforts preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem resources
•Develop optimal utilization for the development of education, research, science, nature tourism and farming to support sustainable use for the improvement of the welfare of the community around the area.
•Develop institutional systems and conservation partnerships in the management
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| Mpa Protection | ["Encompassing entire habitat"] |
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| Explanation | |
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| Metric Diversity | |
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| Explanation | |
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| Pa Iucn Strict Zones | 7.8 % |
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| Explanation | Core zone: 0.046km2
Marine protection zone: 1100km2
(no-take = 1100.046km2 (other areas are general use 9000km2 and 3875km2 - total adds up to >than park area, so percentages taken of this area total = 13975))
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| Social Ecological Fit | Low (1) |
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| Explanation | The zoning plan aims to protect key habitats and includes a mix of zones - however, it is very complex. The core zone is very minimal (0.046km2), and the majority is traditional or general use. |
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| Mpa Migratory Benefit | Missing |
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| Explanation | |
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| Governance System Spatial Extent | 13852 |
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| Explanation | The Cenderwasih Bay National Park is 13,852km2 |
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