| Summary | This governance system refers to the rules and regulations used to govern activities in the Macquarie Island Marine Park. The park is governed in accordance with Macquarie Island Marine Park. It is now part of the Southwest Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network. The Macquarie Island Marine Park is located to the east of the island and includes waters between 3-200 nautical miles from shore. The central portion is a highly protected zone, with 2 habitat protection zones to the north and south. It is now part of the SE Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network |
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| Project | SESMAD |
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| Subtype | Formal Governance System |
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| Sector | Marine protected areas |
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| Begin Date | 2001 |
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| Explanation | Marine park was designated in 1999; became effective in 2001. |
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| End Date | Current (2014) |
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| Explanation | Coded as of the end of 2014 |
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| Governance Scale | State-based policy |
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| Explanation | |
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| Governance System Description | |
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| Explanation | |
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| Governance Trigger | Not Applicable |
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| Explanation | |
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| Type Of Formal Governance | Management plan |
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| Explanation | Management plans have been designed and implemented under the appropriate legislation. |
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| Mpa Internal Natural Boundaries | Low (1) |
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| Explanation | No-take areas are not clearly distinguished from habitat species management zone on the basis of depth or benthic characteristics. |
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| Mpa Migratory Life History | The MPA and Nature Reserve are critical as a breeding ground for a number of migratory seabirds such as the Wandering and Light-mantled albatross, and penguins such as the Royal Penguin. |
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| Explanation | The MPA and Nature Reserve are critical as a breeding ground for a number of migratory seabirds such as the Wandering and Light-mantled albatross, and penguins such as the Royal Penguin. |
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| Mpa Threats To Migratory Sp | ["Bycatch", "Habitat destruction"] |
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| Explanation | The major threats to migratory species within the MPA are bycatch in the small toothfish fishery and potential habitat threats. Mineral and petroleum exploration are not currently allowed within the MPA; nor is the dumping of waste within the MPA. Only passive transit of vessels is allowed in the highly protected zone. |
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| Mpa Threats | The only major threat potentially affecting resources f |
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| Explanation | |
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| Governance Knowledge Use | ["Scientific knowledge"] |
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| Explanation | Scientific knowledge is used almost, if not, totally exclusively. There is no resident population on the island other than researchers and workers for the Australian Antarctic Division. |
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| Pa Car Principles | Yes (3) |
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| Explanation | |
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| Centralization | Highly centralized (4) |
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| Explanation | Governance is controlled heavily by major state bodies, most notably, the Department of the Environment. As there is no resident population, the level of centralization is unsurprising. |
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| Distance To Markets | More than 1000km (4) |
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| Explanation | Macquarie Island is located approximately 1500km from Tasmania. However, the only harvested species (Patagonian toothfish) serve mostly the Japanese and US markets. |
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| Horizontal Coordination | |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Iucn Somewhat Strict Zones | 64.2 % |
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| Explanation | 64.2% of the marine reserve is a habitat/species protection zone (IUCN IV) out of a total area of 162000 square kilometers. The remainder is a habitat protection (IUCN Ia) |
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| Mpa Iucn Sustainable Zones | 0 % |
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| Explanation | There are no category V and VI sustainable use zones in the Macquarie MPA |
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| Mpa Budget | Not Applicable |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Connectivity | No (1) |
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| Explanation | There is no clear evidence that connectivity was considered as part of the design of this reserve. Although it is now part of the South-east Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network Management Plan it is somewhat of an outlier from the other members of the network. |
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| Mpa Migratory Threats And Redux | Threat reduction concentrates on preventing and limiting bycatch in the toothfish fishery and preserving foraging grounds for migratory species. |
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| Explanation | |
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| Mpa Motivation | ["Ecological value", "Feasibility"] |
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| Explanation | The Macquarie Island Nature Reserve has been protected in one way or another since the early 1900's. The area is important for a number of migratory species. It appears that the area was chosen fior an MPA because of this value; but also because the absence of a human population made it fairly easy to design and implement. |
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| Mpa Primary Goal (In Practice) | ["Biodiversity conservation"] |
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| Explanation | Biodiversity conservation is the main goal of this management plan; although it does include consideration of threat reduction and protection of migratory species. |
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| Mpa Protection | ["Protecting key life history stage(s)", "Reducing threats"] |
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| Explanation | |
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| Metric Diversity | High: Many metrics for success (3) |
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| Explanation | Management plans include a wide range of goals, including preservation of species and habitats, and the elimination of invasive species and minimization of potential threats. The management plan adopts an ecosystem-based approach to management and aims to coordinate regulations with the nature reserve and CCAMLR. |
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| Pa Iucn Strict Zones | 35.8 % |
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| Explanation | 35.8% of the marine reserve is a no-take area (IUCN Ia) out of a total area of 162000 square kilometers. The remainder is a habitat protection (IUCN IV) |
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| Social Ecological Fit | Medium (2) |
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| Explanation | Because many of the species it aims to protect are migratory (i.e. Light-mantled albatross, Royal Penguin) or do not appear to fully occupy the MPA (i.e. Patagonian toothfish) it does not match the spatial distribution of these resources. However, within the spatial limitations there is a good fit between the rule and the resources they mean to govern. |
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| Mpa Migratory Benefit | Yes |
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| Explanation | Protects important breeding grounds and foraging areas |
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| Governance System Spatial Extent | 162000 |
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| Explanation | |
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